Southwest Quadrant of Jefferson County, Wisconsin Architectural and Historical Intensive Survey Report By Jennifer L. Lehrke, AIA, LEED AP, NCARB Robert Short, Associate AIA & Rowan Davidson Legacy Architecture, Inc. 529 Ontario Avenue, Suite FN1 Sheboygan, Wisconsin 53081 Project Director Joseph R. DeRose, Survey & Registration Historian Wisconsin Historical Society Division of Historic Preservation – Public History 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Sponsoring Agency Wisconsin Historical Society Division of Historic Preservation – Public History 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 2013 Acknowledgments This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of the Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC 20240. The activity that is the subject of this Intensive Survey Report has been financed entirely with Federal Funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. Nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. The authors would like to thank the following persons or organizations for their assistance in completing this project: Wisconsin Historical Society Area Research Center Jim Draeger, State Historic Preservation Officer University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Daina Penkiunas, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer Deronica Goldsmith & National Register Coordinator Karen Weston Joseph R. DeRose, Survey & Registration Historian Town of Jefferson and Jefferson County Oakland Assessor - Historic Sites Preservation Commission J & D Pounder, Inc. John Molinaro, Chair John Pounder Larry Cole, Vice-Chair Cindy Arbiture Town of Koshkonong and Robert Burmingham Sumner Assessor – James Levy Jacobson Appraisals, Inc. Jessie Powers Kathleen Woodbury Ron Jacobson All photographs contained in this report were taken by Legacy Architecture, Inc. unless otherwise noted. 1 Abstract This report documents an architectural and historical intensive survey of resources located within the boundaries of the Towns of Jefferson, Koshkonong, Oakland, and Sumner, comprising the southwest quadrant of Jefferson County, Wisconsin as of 2013. A reconnaissance survey of this area was conducted by the principal and assistant investigators as the first part of the survey. After which, a research effort was conducted to ascertain the architectural and historical significance of the resources identified during the reconnaissance survey. The resulting products of the project were produced according to standards set by the Wisconsin Historical Society’s Division of Historic Preservation and include the following: Intensive Survey Report The intensive survey report includes a summary of the research and a brief history of the community. It provides a historical context for the evaluation of historic resources and serves as a means for identifying significant properties, farmsteads, and districts eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. It also contains recommendations for future survey and research needs, priorities for National Register listing, and strategies for historic preservation. Survey and District Maps Survey maps indicate all previously and newly surveyed properties as well as properties already listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Corresponding maps identify boundaries and all resources in the potential historic districts, complexes, and farmsteads. These maps are included in the Survey Results Chapter in this intensive survey report. Electronic Documents The Wisconsin Historical Society’s website contains an electronic database, called the Architecture and Historic Inventory (AHI), for all inventoried properties. Also, an electronic copy of this report is saved on compact disc and held at the Wisconsin Historical Society and the Jefferson County Courthouse. 2 Table of Contents Contents Page Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................1 Abstract ....................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents .....................................................................................................3 Chapter 1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................5 Chapter 2 Survey Methodology ..............................................................................................13 Chapter 3 Historical Overview ...............................................................................................17 Chapter 4 Historic Indians ......................................................................................................23 Chapter 5 Government............................................................................................................25 Chapter 6 Settlement ..............................................................................................................31 Chapter 7 Agriculture .............................................................................................................33 Chapter 8 Industry ..................................................................................................................39 Chapter 9 Transportation ........................................................................................................45 Chapter 10 Architecture............................................................................................................47 Chapter 11 Education ...............................................................................................................81 Chapter 12 Social & Political Movements ...............................................................................91 Chapter 13 Religion ..................................................................................................................95 Chapter 14 Art and Literature ...................................................................................................99 Chapter 15 Commerce ............................................................................................................103 Chapter 16 Planning & Landscape Architecture ....................................................................107 Chapter 17 Recreation & Entertainment ................................................................................113 Chapter 18 Notable People .....................................................................................................127 Chapter 19 Bibliography ........................................................................................................139 Chapter 20 Survey Results .....................................................................................................143 Chapter 21 Recommendations ................................................................................................199 Chapter 22 Notes ....................................................................................................................203 Chapter 23 Appendix ..............................................................................................................213 How to Gain Commission Credibility Building Support for Local Historic Preservation Creating a Preservation Ethic in Your Community Planning a Local Historic Preservation Program Guidelines for Planning Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects Historic Preservation Tax Incentive for Income-Producing Historic Buildings Historic Homeowners Tax Credit Program Application Instructions Documentation Requirements and Guidelines for Meeting Rehabilitation Standards 3 This page intentionally left blank. 4 1 Introduction The Jefferson County Historic Sites Preservation Commission received a Historic Preservation grant-in-aid from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior to hire Legacy Architecture, Inc., an architectural and historic preservation consulting firm based in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, to conduct an intensive survey of architecturally and historically significant resources within the boundaries of the Towns of Jefferson, Koshkonong, Oakland, and Sumner, comprising the southwest quadrant of Jefferson County, Wisconsin. The major objective of the project was to identify structures, farmsteads, complexes, and districts of architectural or historical significance that are potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The survey was executed during the period from April 2013 to July 2013 by Principal Investigators Jennifer L. Lehrke and Robert Short with assistance by Rowan Davidson, Thomas Barg, and JoAnn Veldman, all of Legacy Architecture, Inc.