Section 4.6 Contents 4.6.1 Introduction to Effects Analysis ............................................................................... 4.6-1 4.6.2 Grouping of Species for Discussion of Effects ........................................................ 4.6-2 4.6.3 Summary of Minimization and Mitigation Measures ................................................ 4.6-4 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 4.6-4 Integration of Minimization and Mitigation Measures .......................................... 4.6-6 Summary of Minimization and Mitigation Measures ............................................ 4.6-8 4.6.4 Effects of HCP and Activities Allowed under the HCP .......................................... 4.6-22 Summaries of Effects ....................................................................................... 4.6-22 Late-successional and Old-growth Communities .............................................. 4.6-22 Group #1 – Northern Spotted Owl .............................................................................. 4.6-22 Group #2 – Marbled Murrelet ...................................................................................... 4.6-26 Group #3 – Northern Goshawk ................................................................................... 4.6-29 Group #17 - Three-Toed Woodpecker...................................................................... 4.6-33 Group #18 – Pileated Woodpecker, Vaux’s Swift ....................................................... 4.6-36 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 4.6-36 Group #19 – Olive-Sided Flycatcher ........................................................................... 4.6-40 Group #20 – Brown Creeper ....................................................................................... 4.6-45 Group #26 – Hoary Bat, Silver-Haired Bat, Big Brown Bat, Long-Eared Myotis, Long-Legged Myotis, California Myotis, Little Brown Myotis, Keen’s Myotis, Yuma Myotis, Fringed Myotis, Western Big-Eared Bat ......................................................... 4.6-48 Group #27 – Fisher, Marten, Wolverine ..................................................................... 4.6-53 Group #28 – Canada Lynx .......................................................................................... 4.6-60 Group #35 – Western Red-backed Salamander ........................................................ 4.6-68 Group #41 – Johnson’s (Mistletoe) Hairstreak ........................................................... 4.6-71 Group #42 – Blue-gray Taildropper, Puget Oregonian, Oregon ................................. 4.6-74 Megomphix ................................................................................................................. 4.6-74 Aquatic and Riparian Ecosystem ...................................................................... 4.6-78 Group #4 – Common Loon ......................................................................................... 4.6-78 Group #5 – Bull Trout ................................................................................................. 4.6-88 Group #6 – Pygmy Whitefish ...................................................................................... 4.6-99 Group #7 – Sockeye Salmon .................................................................................... 4.6-109 Group #8 – Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, and Steelhead Trout .......................... 4.6-119 Group #9 - Bald Eagle ............................................................................................. 4.6-135 Group #13 – Harlequin Duck .................................................................................... 4.6-139 Group #14 – Great Blue Heron ................................................................................. 4.6-143 Group #15 – Osprey ................................................................................................. 4.6-149 Group #16 – Willow Flycatcher ................................................................................. 4.6-153 Group #25 – Northern Water Shrew, Masked Shrew ............................................... 4.6-156 Group #29 – Pacific Lamprey, River Lamprey .......................................................... 4.6-161 Group #30 – Kokanee ............................................................................................... 4.6-169 Group #31 – Sea-run Coastal Cutthroat Trout ......................................................... 4.6-174 Group #32 – Tailed Frog, Pacific Giant Salamander, Cascade Torrent Salamander .............................................................................................................. 4.6-182 Group #33 – Long-Toed Salamander, Roughskin Newt, Northwestern Salamander, Western Toad, Northern Red-Legged Frog, Cascades Frog, Oregon Spotted Frog, Western Pond Turtle .......................................................................... 4.6-187 Group #34 – Van Dyke’s Salamander ...................................................................... 4.6-193 Group #37 – Papillose Taildropper, Fender’s Soliperlan Stonefly, Carabid Beetles (Bembidion gordoni, B. stillaguamish, Nebria kincaidi, N. gebleri cascadensis, N. paradisi, Pterostichus johnsoni) ................................................................................ 4.6-198 Group #38 – Beller’s Ground Beetle, Hatch’s Click Beetle, Long-Horned Leaf Draft Cedar River Watershed HCP Conservation Strategies 4.6- i Beetle ........................................................................................................................ 4.6-203 Group #39 – Carabid Beetles (Omus dejeanii, Bembidion viator, Bradycellus fenderi) ...................................................................................................................... 4.6-206 Group #40 – Snail (Valvata mergella) ....................................................................... 4.6-210 Special Habitats ............................................................................................. 4.6-212 Group #10 – Peregrine Falcon ................................................................................. 4.6-212 Group #11 – Grizzly Bear ......................................................................................... 4.6-215 Group #12 – Gray Wolf ............................................................................................. 4.6-220 Group #21 – Band-tailed Pigeon .............................................................................. 4.6-226 Group #22 – Rufous Hummingbird, Western Bluebird ............................................. 4.6-228 Group #23 – Golden Eagle, Merlin ........................................................................... 4.6-231 Group #24 – Black Swift ........................................................................................... 4.6-234 Group #35 – Western Redback Salamander ........................................................... 4.6-237 Group #36 – Larch Mountain Salamander................................................................ 4.6-240 Determination of Net Benefit .......................................................................... 4.6-243 4.6- ii Conservation Strategies Cedar River Watershed HCP 4.6 Effects of the HCP on Species of Concern 4.6.1 Introduction to Effects Analysis The federal ESA requires that an applicant for an incidental take permit must “. to the maximum extent practicable, minimize and mitigate the impacts of such taking . .” so that the “. taking will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the survival and recovery of the species in the wild . .” (16 U.S.C. 1539(a)(2)(B)). Previous sections in Chapter 4 of this HCP have presented the conservation and mitigation measures the City proposes to meet the foregoing standards. The granting of an incidental take permit by the Services requires an analysis of the effects of the HCP as the basis for a biological opinion on each species to be covered by the permit. Section 4.6 summarizes information included in this HCP that is relevant to the biological opinions for the species addressed by this HCP. The Services will use the information in Section 4.6, along with other information presented in this HCP and otherwise available to the Services, to determine whether sufficient information exists to issue an incidental take permit for each of the species addressed in the HCP and the level of incidental take to be allowed under the incidental take permit for each covered species. Note that the term “take” technically applies only to those species listed under the ESA as endangered, and the take prohibitions described in Section 9 of the ESA apply to endangered species. Take applies to species listed as threatened only if the respective Service publishes a rule to that effect under Section 4(d) of the ESA. The USFWS has a standing rule that the take prohibitions under Section 9 of the ESA apply to any species listed as threatened. The remaining subsections of Section 4.6 present a description of how the species were grouped for analysis (Section 4.6.2); a tabular summary of the minimization and mitigation measures the City proposes to meet the standards of the ESA (Section 4.6.3); and an analysis of effects of the HCP and activities allowed under the HCP, presented for individual species and groups of species (Section 4.6.4). Cedar River Watershed