index A Acetaminophen—cont’d AACPI, 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs versus, 104 Abdominal pain overdose of, 151–152 cancer-related, 534t pregnancy and, 611, 613 Crohn’s disease and, 597–598 preparations of, 148t Absorption, drug as rectal suppository, 150t elderly and, 687, 688 safety of, 110 intraspinal local anesthetics and, 228 side effects of, 134–136 of opioid, 167–169, 168f tension headache and, 558 rectal, 204 Acetic acid derivative, 139t Abstinence syndrome, 609, 616–617 Acetylsalicylic acid; see also Aspirin nalbuphine causing, 614 infant and, 654 Abuse migraine and, 554t elder, 706 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 564–568, 566f substance, 428–462; see also Addiction peripheral neuropathy and, 576 Accountability for pain management, 3–4, 730, 733 Action potential Accreditation, 730, 733 definition of, 16 Acetaminophen nociception and, 19t antihistamines with, 150 transduction of pain and, 18 aspirin with, 148–149 Action stage of drug treatment, 448 breast feeding and, 623 Action sites, analgesic, 106–107f caffeine with, 316 Acupuncture for fibromyalgia, 549 clinical considerations for, 108–110 Acute pain model combination drugs with, 116–117, 134 adaptation versus, 43–45 definition of, 130 correction of, 45–46 dosage of, 139t Acute pain services, 11 for child, 143t Acute versus chronic pain, 493–494; see also Pain entries frequency, 139–140t, 140–141 Adaptation model, 43–46 guidelines for, 142 Addiction opioid equivalent, 133t challenges of, 462 titration of, 141 definition of, 36, 50–51, 162, 429, 433–436 elderly and, 690 discussing with patient and family, 275–276t equianalgesic dosage of, 133t drugs of abuse and, 432–433, 432t, 433t hemophilia and, 599 elderly and, 705–706 indications for, 131–134 family’s fear of, 10 infant and, 653–654 infant and, 631 mechanism of action of, 130 as label, 51, 53–54 nonprescription formulations of, 148t memory of pain and, 30 misconceptions about, 52–53t, 276t, 430t, 439–440 t after a page number indicates a table, box, or form; f after a page misinterpretation of, 173–174 number indicates an illustration.