JULY,1900. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 295 South Africa was overcome by the invention of a system of kites by that can perhaps be made to work successfully, but the Baden-Powell. In order to make wireless telegraphy successful it is problem is far more delicate than that of wireless tele- necessary to raise the wire attached to the instrument to a considerable distance in the air. Thus, to telegraph 60 miles the elevation of the graphy and it is more important that the latter should first wire should be at least 100 feet above the surface. It was often impos- be developed to a high state of perfection, iu order that we sible to find any way to secure this altitude for the wires, but by using may with ease communicate with stations at very great dis- the kites the problem was easily solved. Kites of the Baden-Powell tances. The 100 miles spoken of as an exceptional succes8, type consequently became inseparably associated with the wireless telegraphy in South Africa, ancl it was by this means that messages iu the above paragraph, ought to become a matter of every were sent a distance of 60 miles. day occurrence. Such great distances can, of course, be at- ?4 c Q * 7 tained by mirig sending ancl receiving wires of very great length, suspeuded from poles or kites at great heights; but \i'I 1lE I,E R S T E LE F'R OX Y . much better nietliods have already heen devised hy Professor Already in December 1599, the Editor had occasion to con- Fessenden. A cablegram of Septemher I aiiuo~incesthat the fer with Prof. R. A. Fessenden as to the possihility of modi- wireless telephony has already heen accornplished by the fying Marconi's system of wireless telegraphy, so as to give Chief of the Postal Telegraph Service of Great Britain, Rlr. W. us a system of wireless telephony. Methods were suggested H. Preece, hut this was only for a distaiice of five or six miles. THE WEATHER OF THE MONTH. By P. C. DAY,Acting chief Divi-ion \Ieteiwilcsdc dl Kev~mI\. PRESSURE. The mean tcinperature of the month did not ilider very grently from The distribution of monthly mean pressure is graphically average in any I).irt of the Dominil : the largest positive departures, shown on Chart IV, and the numerical values are given iii amorintiny to seine 2" or :J0, occiirr in sCJLltht.rn Nen Bruiiywick and Tables I and S. \I e3tei-n NCJWScotin, an11the I:rrgest negative tiepnrtiires, also from 3O to 3O, 111 enbtern QII~IJW, All)erta, ant1 M estern P:i,katchewan. A pro- The areas of high pressure occupied their nornial positions nouncr~l1ie:Lt wave p:rw.eI over ttie more \\ ebtern anal stlnthern por- over the south Atlautic and north Pncific coasts, with slight tiuii.; of (-)titarin tluriiig the 6th ani1 Tth. when tem1~eratnresofover departures from the normal. The permanent area of lo^ were repisterell, nnll still greater lieat wnci recoriletl iii Sssinil~)iahe- pressure over the Plateau regiou enibracecl a wider extent of tween the %\ aiitl '15tli, wlirn 102' wa+ regibtereil at hIetlicine Hat. territory than the average, and the depression was coiisider- The average teniper'at~irefor the several geographic dis- ably below the normal. The pressure was slightly ~IJOV~the tricts and the deiiartures from normal values are shown in noruial in the Middle arid South Atlantic States, nttaiuing a the f ol 1ow i 11 g t nbi e : maximum departure of + .07 inch at Augnst,a, Ch.; throiigli- Average lev?per&lio'esand depnrtiires from the normal. out the remairiirig part of the IJnited States ant1 the I~J- ~ ~~ - -- miniou of C'auada pressure mas generally helow the nornial, Average .empera- De arture Accumu- Average with a maxiinuni departure of -.lo inch at 'l'nuia, Ariz. tures !%-the lated eparturessince Compared with the preceding niouth, pressure was generitlly forthe current eparture! :urrent mouth. siuce anuarp 1. higher throughout the lower hlississippi T'alley, the Atlautic inon th. ranuary 1. and Gnlf States, and over the northern Rocky Rlountaiu ancl -_ ~ Plateau regions and the British Northwest Territories. 111 a 0 0 New Englaud .................. + 3.7 + 0.5 narrow trongh from the upper Lake region soiithwesterly to Middle Atlautic ................ +3 5 + 0.6 the south Pacific coast region the pressure was below that of South Atlautic ................. - 3.6 - 0.5 Florida Peninsula ....... - 6.0 - 0.9 the preceding month. Eaat Gulf ................ - 8.0 - 1.2 west, Gulf.. ................... f.5 0.1 -+ + Ohio Valley and Teuuess M. 5 - 0.4 Lower Lake ............ - 1.9 - 0.a Upper Lake ............. 0.n + 5.2 + 0.: North Dakota,. .......... +%I.1 + 4.2 TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. Upper Misaissippi Valley 54.7 0.4 + 5.1 + 0.: Missouri Valley. ....... +I& 4 + 9.3 cn 2 0.4 +%6 + 4.2 The distribution of moiithly nienn surface temperature, as 769 -0.1 SI2.C 77,4 -2.0 + 0.6 I A:! deduced from the records of about 1,000 stations, is sliowi~ 78.7 + 0.2 +ic.n 1 1.4 on Chart VI. 72.0 + 0. # +2S.3 + 3.6 67 7 , - 0.9 +zs. n + 3.3 Several periods of high temperature prevailed in the region w.3 + 0.3 +14.2 + 2.0 64.9 1 + 0.5 + 5.i + 1.2 east of the Rocky hlountnins in connection with the south- +ll.S + 1.: I + O.Ij erly drift of the areas of high pressure toward the pernia- ~~ ~ ~- nent high area oft' the south Atlantic coast. The average for the nionth was nhove the normal throughout the Atlantic ---- and Enst Gulf States, the Ohio Valley, and the loner PRECIPITATION. Lake region, also on the north Pacific coast, and in the upper Rlissouri Valley. Temperature was genernlly helow The moutlil~~c1istril)utian of raiiifall is shomn 011 Chart 111. the normal throughout the upper Lakes, the hIissis8ippi Val- In parts of the hIismuri niid upper Rlississippi valleys, the ley, ancl over the ceutral aud sontlieru Rocky RIouutaiu and Lake region ancl over Texas, precipitatiou was ahove the nor- Platenu regions. Rlaximum temperatures of 100O or over oc- mal, reacliiug a iiinsiiiiuni dibl)arture uf nearly 10 inches at out the Plateau regions and in Arizona and parts of C'ali- much less than normal, e~pecinllyon the immeclint~~coast, fornia, maximum temperatures from llOo to 120° were ex- where the fall nas less than 50 per cent of the average. perienced. hlinimum temperatures of 32" occurred at iso- Throughont the reniaiuiier of the States and Territories the Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 06:14 AM UTC 296 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. JULS, 1900 prevailed, however, except at the end of the month in Ari- WIND. zona and over parts of Colorado and Utah, where crops and stock were beginning to suffer for water. The maximum wind velocity at each Weather Bureau sta- For the period January 1 to July 31 of the current yenr the tion for a period of five minutes is given in Table I, which precipitation was generally less than the average. S~SOgives the altitude of Weather Bureau anemometers above In Canada.-Professor Stupart says : ground. In nearly all parts of the Province of Quebec and in eastern rind Following are the velocities of 50 miles and over per hour northern Ontario the rainfall WRS nearly double the average for July. registered during the month: On the higher Iantlsof western Ontario, and also in the Niapara Penin- sula, it was well up to or in excess of the average, wliile close along Maximum wind asbcitiea. the north shore of Lake Ontario, and in the counties of Grey ant1 Bruce, there was a small tlrficirncy. The most marked defi(~irncv. however, occurred in the Marittnie Provinces, ant1 especially in the sottthern portion, whrre the westlier u as riniisi1sJly dry. In Manitoba and the Territories the tiital fall (lurinp the month W~R well up to average. The only note by ohservers reliitive to tit-truc-tion of property by local storms iR from Brandon; B tornado occurred ti miles Boston. Mas-.. .......... north of that town and injured houses. Buff,,lo. N. T ............ ............. Do ............ ...... The following table shons, tty geographic districts, the pre- rm. C'lev. land. Ohio ........ cipitation departures from, aid percentagrs of the normnl Ljn.. ............. for the current month, a160 the accumulated departures eiiicv Huroii, s.Dak........... ...... hlilea City, hlont ........ ...... the first of the year: Average prseipihtwn and &partura from tk noTmal. ----- I "0 . j Average. Departure. SUNSHINE AND CLOUDINESS. -- Dlsbrlcts. Accumu- Current Percent. lated The distrihution of sunshine is graphically showu on Chart ape of since VII, and the num~ricalvalues of average daylight cloudiness, normal. Jan. 1. -~ ~~ I 110th for iiidividual stations and by geographical districts, In chrs . I~ichen. Itache#. tlpprar in Tahle I. New England ......................... 10 2 I8 69 -1.3 I - 0.4 The current month showed generally less than the normal Ylddle Atlantic ....................... 12 8.07 ?1 -1.2 - R-~ 5 South Atlantlc ........................ 3. 18 52 -8 9 - 1.3 amount of clouds aud, therefore, a correspoudiug excess of Florida Peninsula.. .................... '8 4.N9 76 -1.6 + 8.1 East uulf .............................. d 5 ti1 93 -0.5 -10.6 s 11 I I s h i ti e. West Gulf ............................ , 5. i9 187 t2.7- + 3 8 12 8 Hd -0.8 -1 5.9 The averagps tor the various districts, with departures from Ohlo Valley and Tennessee ............ 81 - Lowar Lnke ........................... 8 4 6i 152 +1.6 - 0. I the uormal, are showu in the table below: Upper Lake ...........................