Trends6982 in Biosciences 10(32), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 6982-6985, in Biosciences 2017 10 (32), 2017 Canopy Management, Yield and Quality Improvement through Paclobutrazol in Fruit Crops FARHEEN HALEPOTARA, MEERA SOLANKI, PREETI GOHIL, JIGNASA RAJATIYA, DISHA DADHANIYA, H. N. PATEL AND V. R. MALAM Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh email : [email protected] ABSTRACT In high tree density situations with closer spacing, it To reduce the plant height and tree with a compact growth is recommended to apply paclobutrazol early when trees for easy agronomical practices, synchronized flowering are about three years old. When trees are spaced at 10 m, and maturity in the orchard are of prime priority for the early application with paclobutrazol will reduce canopy size and the fruit bearing area. In such a situation, treatment growers and researchers. Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major problem faced by fruit growers. Plant can commence when trees are about five years old. In dry height, flowering, yield and quality including alternate conditions, a light irrigation is recommended after bearing can be overcome by various horticultural practices application. Paclobutrazol applied soon after harvesting in like pruning, thinning of fruits, use of chemicals like older tree. The application of paclobutrazol to soil as a Paclobutrazol etc. out of these use of Paclobutrazol is drench around the tree trunk (collar drench) is the most commonly practiced by the horticultural growers. The soil effective method. The required quantity is mixed in application of paclobutrazol is effective to restrict vegetative approximately 1 L of water and poured onto the soil around growth, early flowering, increase yield and improve quality. the trunk in a circular band. Among the advantages of its An application of paclobutrazol reduces endogenous application it can be narrated like it, induces tolerance to gibberellins and promotes abscisic acid in mango. environmental stress, induces resistance to fungal diseases, Application of Paclobutrazol in Mango, Pistachio nut and it increases chlorophyll content of leaves, it solves Cashew nut restricts the vegetative growth. Its application protandry problem in fruit crops and significant increase in induces early flowering in Mango, Pear and Peach. flowering leading to increased yields. Though it reduces Paclobutrazol increased yield in Mango, Cashew nut, Apple xylem thickness in plant and also inhibits water and nutrient and Grape. It improves quality parameters (like increase uptake. So the judicious use is advisable. in TSS, RS, NRS, taste, flavour and reduced acidity) in Effect on Vegetative Growth and Flowering Apple, Peach and Mango. Thus, judicious use of Dheeraj et al. (2016) reported that among the paclobutrazol restricts plant height and overcomes combination of different bio regulators and growth regulator alternate bearing. It also produce early and synchronized paclobutrazol @ 3ml/m canopy gave maximum result in flowering which leads to increase yield and improve quality. flowering (91.67 %), panicle length (30.57 cm), panicle breadth (22.20 cm), fruit set per panicle (13.13 %), fruit Key words Paclobutrazol, growth, flowering, yield, no(133.0) and fruit weight (309.33 g) in mango cv. quality and economics. Banganpalli. Shinde et al. (2015) found that application of Attempts were made by researchers, in the history of Paclobutrazol @ 3 ml/canopy m2 in mango cv. Alphonso in horticulture, to reduce the plant height and allow tree with 3rd week of July gave minimum shoot length and minimum a compact growth for easy agronomical practices in the number of leaves /shoot, it also gave maximum result in orchard. The attempts were also made for the induction of terms of Width of panicle, Hermaphrodite flowers, Fruit early as well as synchronized flowering in an orchard to set. They also reported maximum result in fruit retention, achieve higher prices by early entry in the market. number of fruits/ plant, average weight of fruit, yield and Synchronized flowering will give synchronized maturity and minimum days to harvest. early harvesting thereby reduces the cost of harvesting and transportation and to meet bulk demand in the market. Reddy and Kurian (2014) observed that paclobutrazol @ 5ml/m canopy in 90 days BBB gave minimum vegetative Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major shoot(2.5%, 7.5 %) in year 2001 and 2002 respectively, while problem faced by fruit growers. This problem causes great paclobutrazol @ 5ml/m canopy in 60 days BBB gave (3.2 economic loss to the growers with poor yield and selling of %, 4.5%) in year 2003 and 2006 respectively and produce at low price during “on year” due to fruit glut in paclobutrazol @ 3ml/m canopy in 120 days BBB reduce the market. Plant height, flowering, yield and quality vegetative shoot (1.0 %, 2.5%) in year 2004 and 2005 including alternate bearing can be overcome by various respectively as compared to control in mango cv. Alphonso. horticultural practices like pruning, thinning of fruits, use Meena et al. (2014) found that paclobutrazol@ 3g a.i./plant of chemicals like Paclobutrazol etc. out of these use of gave highest result in reducing height of plant and internode Paclobutrazol is commonly practiced by the horticultural length (0.6 cm) as compared to control in cashew cv. Ullal- growers. 3. HALEPOTARA et al., Canopy Management, Yield and Quality Improvement through Paclobutrazol in Fruit Crops 6983 Burondkar et al. (2013) suggested that application of bud break) gave highest result in increasing Fruit yield paclobutrazol @ 2.5 ml/m canopy in 15th august gave (25.7 kg/plant) in mango cv. Alphonso. highest result in Extent of flowering (72.23%) while Manoj et al. (2013) found that among different plant th paclobutrazol @ 2.5 ml/m canopy in 15 may gave highest bio-regulators PP333 @ 250 ppm gave maximum result in result in terms of Earliness in flowering (85.4 days ) over Fruit setting /metre branch (33.67) and Yield (153.17 fruits control in mango cv. Alphonso. They also found the highest harvested /tree) in pear cv. Gola. Burondkar et al. (2013) significance result in earliness in harvesting (82.83 days) suggested that application of paclobutrazol @ 2.5 ml/m as compared to control. Manoj et al. (2013) suggested that canopy on 15th august gave highest result in Number of among different plant bio-regulators application of PP333 fruit/tree(172.25 fruit/tree) and Yield (40.72 kg/tree) in mango @ 250 ppm gave highest result in Number of flowering cv. Alphonso. cluster /metre branch (4.25) and Number of flowers /metre Naira (2013) reported that application of PP333 @ 750 branch (34.67) in pear cv. Gola. Tandel and Patel (2011) found ppm with SP I (summer pruning I, 8 weeks after full bloom, that different bio-regulators Cultar @ 20 ml/tree (mid July) Thinning out water sprouts and unwanted branches) and gave the highest result in reduction of shoots/terminal and SP II (summer pruning II, 12 weeks after full bloom, 25% shoot length in mango varieties. heading back from upper, medium and lower canopy) gave Sarker and.Rahim (2012) found that application of highest result in Fruit set (50.42 %), Fruit : leaf ratio (37.59)and Paclobutrazol gave minimum length of terminal shoot, earliness in Maturity (146.17 Days After First Bloom) in number of leaves/terminal shoot and leaf area, while apple cv. Red delicious. Paclobutrazol gave maximum result in length of panicle, Tandel and Patel (2011) concluded that among number of secondary branches/panicle, number of panicles/ different bio-regulators application of cultar @ 20 ml/tree plant as compared to control in mango cv. Amrapali. They drenched in mid July gave highest result in Fruit set at pea also minimum Length of Terminal shoot (6.90 cm), No. of stage (11.74, 11.17, 11.33%), Fruit set at marble stage (1.68, leaves/ terminal shoot (5.67) while Paclobutrazol @ 7500 1.87, 1.74 %), Fruit set at harvest (1.07, 0.87, 1.04 %) and ppm on 15th October gave minimum Leaf area (47.76 cm2) Fruit retention (9.10, 7.81, 9.31 %) in mango cv. Alphonso, and maximum result in Length of Panicle (24.23 cm), No. of Kesar and Rajapuri, respectively. They also reported the secondary branches/panicle (31.22) and No. of panicles/ highest result in Pulp: skin ratio (5.70, 5.58, 5.88) and TSS plant (125.0) as compared to control in mango cv. Amrapali. (30.62, 33.6, 50.51%) in Alphonso, Kesar and Rajapuri, Yeshitela et al. (2004) reported that application of respectively and minimum in terms of Stone weight (g) and paclobutrazol @ 8.25 g a.i./tree as soil drenching gave the highest yield in mango cv. Alphonso. Srilatha et al. highest result in Tagged branches flowered (76.89 %), (2015) found that application of paclobutrazol @ 3 ml/m Hermaphrodite flowers (73.09 %) and minimum in terms of canopy diameter gave highest result in Number of fruits/ no. of days for inflorescence development (82.22 days) as plant (146.66, 135.5, 154.33 fruits/ plant), Yield (28.08, 24.00, compared to foliar spray in mango cv. Tommy Atkins. They 20.6 kg/plant) and Yield /ha (5.72, 4.89, 4.20 tonnes/ha) in also noticed the highest result in reducing Height of trees mango cv. Raspuri, Dashehari and Amrapali respectively. 3 (5.22 m), Tree volume (86.53 m ) and Length of new shoots Sarker and Rahim (2012) reported that application of (22.99 cm) as compared to foliar spray in mango cv. Tommy paclobutrazol @ 7500 ppm on 15th October gave highest Atkins. Ak (2002) suggested that paclobutrazol (PP-333) @ result in fruit set/panicle (28.08/panicle) and maximum no. 4000 ppm gave minimum result in reducing Average shoot of fruits retained at harvest time/panicle (2.10/panicle) in length (1.00 cm) and Reduction at growth (9.84 %) as mango cv.