Lesson 3: EXTERNAL CONFLICT Subject: Moral Education Grade: 8 OBJECTIVE: I can demonstrate an understanding of strategies to deal with internal and external conflict. • Articulate the importance of showing tolerance for people affected by external conflict (e.g. refugees). • Understand why external conflicts take place and the importance of conflict-resolution strategies and diplomacy including being open and tolerant. COMPETENCE: INDEPENDENT LEARNING VALUE: EMPATHY MY IDENTITY THEME: MY VALUES ARE MY IDENTITY I. Define the terms:- 1. Bullying: Bullying is an ongoing and deliberate misuse of power in relationships through repeated verbal, physical and/or social behaviour that intends to cause physical, social and/or psychological harm. It can involve an individual or a group misusing their power, or perceived power, over one or more persons who feel unable to stop it from happening. 2. External: coming or derived from a source outside the subject affected. 3. Resolution: firm decision to do or not to do something. 4. Domestic: relating to the running of a home or to family relations. II. Case study:- Scenario 1: On her way to school, Emily often bullies two younger students named Noor and Alan. She chases them, pulls their hair, and always takes their recess treats. One day when she gets to school, Emily pushes Alan because he and Noor do not have any treats to give her. She tells them that she will hurt them if they don’t bring her treats tomorrow. Some other students are nearby and see this. a. How do you think Emily is feeling? Why do you think she is doing such things? b. How are Noor and Alan feeling in this situation? Ans: a) In my opinion, Emily might be jealous of Noor and Alan’s friendship as they can talk to each other and share things with each other. b) Noor and Alan are scared of Emily as she is threatening to hurt them and often bullies them. III. Answer the following:- 5. Define external conflict. A: An external conflict is a problem or struggle that takes place between a character and an outside force. External conflict drives the action of a plot forward. Some additional key details about external conflict: In an external conflict, a character may be struggling against another character, the natural world, or society. External conflict is defined in contrast to internal conflict, in which the struggle is between a character and themselves—for example, between selfish and selfless impulses. External and internal conflicts aren't mutually exclusive. In fact, they can often play out simultaneously. 6. Give some examples of external conflict. A: Examples from literature: In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo finds himself in an external conflict with Juliet's cousin Tybalt. He kills Tybalt, leading to additional conflict as Juliet's family sees him as a murderer. In the Harry Potter series, Harry faces external conflicts with Voldemort and the Death Eaters. 7. List out ways to stop bullying in school. Ans. - As part of the curriculum, students should learn to identify bullying language and actions in themselves and others. They should also be taught positive communication skills. - There should be an established system for a child to report being bullied and get immediate help. A counselor and other professionals should meet with the children involved and their families to determine a solution. - There should be classroom discussions about the motivation and effects of bullying to sensitize students and promote self-awareness. - There should be school-wide events that focus the student body on bullying, for instance, “Anti- Bully day”. - Schools should have strong repercussions for bullying. The school must also encourage students to communicate if they get bullied at home. .