OARS PAPER f,"17 Bibliographic Overview of Ocean Acoustic Remote Sensing OARS! Prepared for OARS Workshop January 21-26, 1980 Seattle, Washington U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Philip Nt. Klutznick, Secretary National Oceanic and AtmosPheric Administration Rchard A. Frank, Administrator Environmental Data and Information Service Thomas Q. Potter, Acting Director National Ocean Survey Herbert R, Uppotd, Jr., Director FOREWORD This document was prepar ed using the online bibliogr aphic search capabilities available at NOAA's Library and Information Services Division in Rockville, ND. Computer-produced copy was edited to select only the most relevant material. Over 100 databases are available for online search in this and many other locations in the nation. Properly used, these databases can measurably shorten the amount of time needed to research a question, to prepare a bibliography, or to check a point of information. As an exaEple, the entire National Technical Information Service database alone contains well over half a million citations, with about 5000 added each month. Databases now exist on almost any subject. These powerful research tools are, however, still only tools. Their successful use depends on the ability oi' the requester to communicate and the skill of the search analyst in interpreting the request and conducting the search. A successfully completed search may require several interactions between requester and analyst, and analyst and computer. The search strategy used to retrieve the material from which this document was produced is explained in some detail in the appendices. Carolyn P. Brown; Chief, User Services Branch l7-2 A COMNZNT This document contains 100 bibliographic references to "overview-type" papers on Ocean-Acoustic-Remote-Sensing OARS!. In addition, references are provided to 15 contemporary textbooks on Ocean Acoustics, ibis bibliography eas obtained ~entirel using computer on-line! search methods and is, as such, a demonstration of the power, as well as the limitations of such methods. The methodology developed to conduct the search, as well as the specific search strategy are discussed in Appendix A. Described in Appendix B are the computer-readable data bases used in this search and containing more than nine million searchable citations' Many excellent articles, very relevant to OARS, are not included here simply because they are not "overview-type" papers however, it is likely that the included set contains references to most of the relevant work. Due to the press of time, we have alphabetized the listing but have not categorized. it in any other way, and it is likely that we have not picked up all the errors and typos. We have, however, used word-processing and if warranted, will republish the document in an upgraded form. In this regard, your suggestions and comments would be welcomed. We have prepared this bibliography for use during and subsequent to the OARSWorkshop. In addition, the OARSCommittee has arranged to provide search services during the conduct of the Workshop itself, directly to the participants- Barbara Roush..Secretary. ~ .... ~ ~~ .. ~ NOS Gary Adams.....Library Scientist...ZDIS Ronald New.....Systems Analyst......NOS 17-3 ACKER, WILLIAM C. 977. Plants on Local Fishy Published in Oceans '77 Conf. Rec., 3CnnnuaMom%. cond sponsored by the Marine Technology Society, and IZZZ Counc. on Oceanic Zng, 3rd. Available from IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, v. 1, p. 23C, 1-23C, 2. ! Los Angeles, CA~ Acoustical equipment and techniques have been developed that are now being used to help assess the effects of coastal power plants on fish. The technique consists of acoustic assessment of fish abundance with a portable, tawed assessment system and simultaneous measurement of the temperature at several depths in and around the thermal plume. When the acoustic-temperature measurements are used in conjunction with an acoustically directed sample fishing program, data on species composition can also be obta,ined. ANDERSON, A. L. 1978m Ocean Acoustic Model In utsjSensitivit Published in KABCON '78, Arlington, VA, p. 228-34 Ocean acoustic models are useful tools for temporal and spatial extrapolation or interpolation of measurement results. The relationship between model input accuracy and model output accuracy is determined by the model's sensitivity to input variation or error!. A process of model comparison for relative accuracy determination and sensitivity assessment is termed model evaluation. Environmental inputs for ocean acoustic models, model sensitivity and model evaluation are discussed- ANDERSON, VICTOR C. 1972. First ~Twent Years of' Acoustic ~Si nal J. Acoust. Soc. Am 551~7:1062210 75 In a, review of the acoustic research of the past two decades it is shown how work on signal recognition evolved into a unified class of spatial and temporal processing techniques. Progress is shown in the areas of spectrum analysis, correlation, multiple beam forming, the fast Fourier transform, sequential detection, and adaptive beamforming. ANDERSON, VICTOR C- 1975. Seedin the Field of Acoustical ~Si,na1 B n 776w7rII'. A historical review is given of the contributions to the field of acoustical signal processing, and eventually in underwater research, that orginated with F. V. Hunt at the Harvard 17-4 Acoustics Research Laboratory. The culmination of these researches led. to the present real-ocean investigation of a ship transit detector. ANDREWS, F. A. 1967. ~1* " f I Sea Search cff S a~in- ~ulxsEecC in Procee ngs of U. S. Navy Symp. on Military Oceanography. 4th, p. 3-28. Washington, D. C. The most significant search and identification lesson learned is the inadequacy of sonar in classification. Improvedacoustic classification, and the integration of acoustic, magnetic anomaly, visual detection, and other detection meansinto one packageare indicated. Themost significant recovery lesson is. the necessity for decoupling surface motion from attachment motion. ANONYMOUS f975. Underwater Sound-A Review, II IEEZ Trans. Sonics and Ultrason 22~5!:291 -332. Particular attention is given to a system model f' or active and passive sonar operation, the signal waveforms,transmission and reception modescommonly used in echo ranging, the propagation effects, and reverberation mechanismsof the acoustic channel, the multidimensional aspects of conventional beamforming and the feasibility of' adaptive control in an operational environment, the effectiveness of gain control receivers and hard clipping for dynamicrange compressionand normalization of acoustic data, the techniques presently employedfor signal detection and parameter estimation for video and aural presentation, and the dynamical system measuredrequired for system performance evaluation. ANONYMOUS 1978. New Underwater Potential ~Sstem Anti-Corros ~ Methods and Mater. A new underwater cathodic protection, potential monitor ing system has been developed by Metal and Pipeline Endurance Limited MAPZL!which, they claim, enables rapid cost-effective checking of subsea anode installations without the need of physical examination by drivers or submersibles. MAPZL's underwater monitoring system eliminates the need for physical examination of cathodic stations by the use of seabed transponders and a single survey vessel. Savings on time, cost and equipment is considerable. Utilizing transponders located at one mile intervals on the seabed the system can interrogate two hundred miles of pipeline in only 48 hours. The system comprises two parts: 1. A shipborne surface interrogator unit, complete with either a towed or 'dunking' transducer. 2. A series of seabed potential-measuring transponders, each one having its own identification code, so that up to 1000 transponders can be used in any one system. All underwater components are designed for long-term maintenance free operation with transponder battery life of up to 10 years. Operating as an underwater data telemetry link the equipment can be used to transmit a potential v"lue from the underwater cathodic protection system to the surface monitoring unit aboard the survey vessel. The surface unit which can be either mains or battery operated, contains the necessary circuitry to transmit a unique coded address signal to the selected seabed transponder. On receipt of this signal, the corresponding battery-powered transponder unit will activate, measure the potential between the reference half-cell and the underwater steel structure, as generated by the cathodic protection anode, process the potential and then acoustically telemeter the value to the surface. This reply signal is then processed by the seaborne equipment to produce a digital display of the measured potential. At the same time the specific address code of the underwater transponder is displayed for identification purposes. APPELI, G. F. 1977. Performance Assessment of Advanced Ocean Current Sensor s Published in Oceans '77. 5. Annual Combined Conference, ÃTSTJ.EEE Los Angeles, CA Significant progress has recently been made towards the development of advanced ocean current measuring sensors. The new technology for measuring ocean currents has shown improved time response characteristics and high accuracy measurement in a three- dimensional flow pattern while at the same time minimizing hydrodynamic distortions caused by the system's presence in a fluctuating flow field. The Test and Evaluation Laboratory TkEL! of the Office of Narine Technology of NOAA has a continuing laboratory test program to assess the performance of newly developed marine sen ors