Index A Agitated delirium , 1 Abscesses Alcohol fungal , 408 , 409 and dementia , 72 supratentorial masses , 406 withdrawal, seizures , 318 Absence seizures , 311 , 326 Alcohol-related myopathies , 162 Acetazolamide Aldolase, proximal weakness , 156 pseudotumor cerebri , 295 Alleviating factors, headache , 288 vertigo , 146 ALS . See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) binding Alzheimer dementia , 65 antibodies , 163 Alzheimer disease (AD) , 64 , 66–67 , 320 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors , 205 AMPA receptor , 18 Activities of daily living, parkinsonism , 197 Ampicillin , 14 Acute antiplatelet therapy , 356 Amyloid angiopathy , 368–369 Acute compression fractures , 274 Amyloidosis , 237 Acute confusional state, stroke , 345 Amyloid PET imaging , 65 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , 168–169 (ADEM) , 383–384 Angle closure glaucoma , 90 Acute infl ammatory demyelinating Anisocoria polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) , 187 cavernous sinus lesions , 116 Acute life support , 366 ciliary ganglion lesions , 116–117 Acute occipital-temporal infarction , 351 clinical approach , 117 , 119 Acute paralysis fascicular and subarachnoid lesions , 116 botulism , 190 fi rst-order neuron , 118 brainstem catastrophe , 189–190 iris lesions , 117 GBS , 187–188 nuclear lesions , 116 myasthenic crisis , 189 physiologic anisocoria , 119 poliomyelitis , 191 second-order neuron , 118 polyneuropathies , 190–191 third-order neuron , 118 spinal cord insults , 191 Anomic aphasia , 49 Acute post-anoxic myoclonus , 217 Antalgic gait , 282 Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) , 270 Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) syndrome , 339 Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) , 270 Anterior choroidal artery (AChA) , 340 Adult attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder Anterior circulation ischemic strokes (ADHD) , 75 ACA syndrome , 339 Advanced stage treatment, Parkinson disease , 204 ICA , 339–340 Age of onset, parkinsonism , 195 MCA syndrome , 337–339 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 413 A. Tarulli, Neurology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-29632-6 414 Index Anticoagulation Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) hyperacute ischemic stroke , 357 hemorrhage , 404 after intracerebral hemorrhage , 369–370 ICH , 369 reversing, ICH , 367 MRI , 404–406 heparin , 367 seizures , 320 warfarin , 367 Articulatory errors , 44 stroke , 361–362 Aspiration , 365 Anticonvulsants , 324 Asterixis , 3–4 Antiemetic agents, status migrainosus , 301 Asymmetric limb weakness , 171 Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) Asymmetric resting tremor , 196 appropriate duration , 328 Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis , 364 interactions , 330 Ataxia, parkinsonism , 196 phenytoin dosing and levels , 325 Ataxic gait , 281 recurrence of seizure , 322 Athetosis , 220 renal dysfunction , 323 Atonic seizures , 312 seizures , 317 Atrial fi brillation (AF) status epilepticus , 333 anticoagulation , 369 withdrawing , 331–332 stroke , 358–359 Anti-Ma2 , 18 Atypical facial pain , 306 Antiplatelet agents , 363 Atypical parkinsonism Antiplatelet therapy , 362 CBD , 208 Antisaccade test , 61 MSA , 207 Anxiety, multiple sclerosis , 392 PSP , 206–207 Aphasia Atypical symptoms , 377 anomic aphasia , 49 Auditory hallucinations , 313 aphemia , 50 Aura bedside examination , 43–44 headache , 287 Broca aphasia , 46–47 sensory , 311 cause and treatment , 50–51 symptoms , 296 comprehension , 44–45 Autoimmune disorders, epilepsy , 321 conduction aphasia , 48 Autonomic dysfunction, parkinsonism , 196 confrontation naming , 45–46 AVM . See Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) confusion , 50 Axial rigidity , 207 dysarthria , 49–50 Axonal neuropathy , 186 global aphasia , 48 Azathioprine , 159 mixed transcortical aphasia , 48–49 paraphasic errors , 44 reading , 46 B recovery and rehabilitation , 51 B cell type non-Hodgkin lymphomas , 404 repetition , 45 B12 defi ciency , 236 spontaneous speech , 44 Back pain subcortical aphasias , 49 adrenoleukodystrophy , 270 TCMA , 48 cauda equina syndrome , 264 transcortical sensory aphasia , 48–49 copper-defi ciency myelopathy , 271 Wernicke aphasia , 47 dural AVF , 271 writing , 46 epidural abscess , 268 Aphemia , 50 herniated nucleus pulposus , 264–265 Apnea test , 38 HSP , 271 Apparent diffusion coeffi cient (ADC) , infl ammatory radiculopathies , 271–273 350 , 351 MLD , 270 Apraxia multiple sclerosis , 269 defi niton , 58–59 musculoskeletal (see Musculoskeletal eyelid-opening , 207 back pain ) Arteriovenous fi stula (AVF) , 271 myelopathy , 262–263 Index 415 neoplasm , 267–268 Bradykinesia , 149 non-neurologic , 273 examination , 198 radiculopathy , 261–262 oropharyngeal , 206 red fl ags , 264 Brain death , 38–39 spinal cord infarction , 269–270 Brainstem catastrophe , 189–190 spinal stenosis , 266–267 Brainstem encephalitis , 106 transverse myelitis , 269 Broca aphasia , 46–47 tropical spastic paraparesis , 270 Brudzinski sign , 12 vitamin B12 defi ciency , 269 Bruns nystagmus , 138 Bacterial meningitis , 12–14 Balint syndrome , 92 Ballismus , 218 C Barbecue spit maneuvers , 143 C5 radiculopathy , 173 , 248 Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) , 160 C6 radiculopathy , 173 , 250 Behavioral abnormalities , 54 C8 radiculopathy , 175 , 251 Behavioral variant FTD , 67–68 Calcifi cation, gliomas , 403 Bell palsy , 123 Cancer prognosis of , 125 brachial plexopathy , 249 stroke , 348 lumbosacral plexopathy , 257 treatment , 125 Cardiac evaluation , 358–359 Benign familial tremor , 212 Cardiogenic syncope , 134 Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Carotid artery dissection , 291–292 , 340 (BPPV) , 139 Carotid duplex ultrasound , 359 canal variant , 143 Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) , 362–363 epley particle-repositioning Carotid sinus syncope , 134 maneuvers , 141 Carotid stenosis , 362–363 pathophysiology , 141–142 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) , 252–253 Benzodiazepines , 10 , 21 Carpometacarpal joint , 255 PD , 201 Catechol- o -methyltransferase (COMT) status epilepticus , 332 inhibitor , 203 Bitemporal hemianopsia , 85 , 90 , 292 Cauda equina syndrome , 179 , 264 Bleeding diatheses , 369 Causalgia , 259 Blepharospasm , 114–115 Cavernous sinus lesions , 99 , 101 , 104 , 105 Blink refl ex Central nervous system (CNS) patterns on , 28 demyelinating disorder , 383 schematic of , 27 dysfunction , 168 Blood pressure localizations , 178–179 control , 360 Central retinal artery occlusion , 86 , 89 hyperacute ischemic stroke , 357 Central retinal venous occlusion , 86 treatment , 368 Central scotoma , 85 Blood tests, stroke , 359–360 Cerebellar infarction , 358 Borrelia burgdorferi , 1 6 Cerebellar outfl ow tremor , 215 Botulism Cerebellar signs, vertigo acute paralysis , 190 fi nger-to-nose test , 136 neuromuscular junction disorder , 113 heel–knee–shin test , 137 BPPV . See Benign paroxysmal positional overshoot , 137 vertigo (BPPV) rebound , 137 Brachial plexopathy , 173 , 248 truncal ataxia , 137 cancer , 249 Cerebellar stroke syndrome , 343–344 idiopathic brachial neuritis , 249 Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lower trunk , 251–252 intracranial mass , 407 lumbosacral plexopathy , 256 tumors , 145 radiation-induced , 249 Cerebral achromatopsia , 93 trauma , 248–249 Cerebral vasculature , 353 416 Index Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) , Coma 293–294 absent movements , 33 Cerebral venous thrombosis , 344 brain death , 38–39 Cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) etiologies and mimics , 36 lumbar puncture , 12 , 381 examination , 34–35 multiple sclerosis , 378 , 381 , 383 , 384 blink refl ex , 27–29 PCNSL , 404 mental status examination , 25 rapidly progressive weakness , 187 pupillary reactions , 26–27 Cerebrovascular disease , 208 , 319 eye position Cervical dystonia (CD) , 222 horizontal , 29–30 Cervical myelopathy , 241 vertical , 30 Cervical spondylosis , 145 history , 25 , 34–35 Cervicogenic dizziness , 145 increased intracranial pressure , 39 Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease , 233 , 238 intracranial pressure , 40–41 Charles Bonnet syndrome , 7 medical causes of , 34 Chiari malformation , 138 minimally conscious state , 38 Chlordiazepoxide , 10 motor examination , 32 Chorea MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture , 35–36 causes of , 221 oculocephalic response , 30–32 gravidarum , 220 prognostication , 37 huntington disease , 220–221 pupillary reactions , 26 Chronic daily headache (CDH) , 302–303 PVS , 37–38 Chronic infl ammatory demyelinating refl ex movements , 32–33 polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) , respiratory patterns , 33 166–168 spontaneous Chronic post-anoxic myoclonus , 217 and nonpurposeful , 32 Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and purposeful , 32 (CPEO) , 113–114 eye movements , 30 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) , 73 toxins , 36 Chronic undifferentiated dizziness , 145 transtentorial herniation , 40 Circle of Willis , 337 , 338 uncal herniation , 39–40 Cisternal segment lesions , 104 Complex partial seizures (CPS) , 310 , 311 , CJD . See Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) 326–327 CK . See Creatine kinase (CK) Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) , 259 Clinical isolated syndromes (CIS) Compound muscle action potential diplopia , 376 (CMAP) , 188 disease-modifying treatment , 387 Computed tomographic angiography motor syndromes , 376 (CTA) , 353 multifocal and progressive presentations , 377 RCVS , 292 myelopathy , 375 stroke , 359 optic neuritis , 386–387 Computed tomography (CT) radiologically isolated syndrome , 377 CVST , 293 sensory syndromes , 376 ischemic stroke , 351 treatment , 387 neurocysticercosis , 410 visual loss , 375 non-contrast head , 409 Clopidogrel , 362 primary tumor , 400 Clot retrieval devices, stroke , 356–357 SAH , 290 Clumsy hand-dysarthria ,