Luiss Guido Carli University Graduate Program in International Relations For the degree of Master of Political Science A comparative analysis of Chinese and UK's aid policy to Pakistan Supervisor: Silvia Menegazzi Candidate: LIU RENXUE Co-Supervisor:YOUNGAH GUAHK Serial number: 642502 Academic Year 2019-2020 1 A comparative analysis of Chinese and UK's aid policy to Pakistan CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ ChapterⅠIntroduction 5 Section 1.Literature review.........................................................................................................5 1. Literature on Aid Theory................................................................................................ 5 2 Literature on China's official aid to Pakistan.................................................................. 6 3 Literature on UK's official assistance to Pakistan........................................................... 7 Section 2 Definition of Concept................................................................................................. 8 1 Definition of the concept of aid.......................................................................................8 2. Definition of the period of official assistance.............................................................. 10 Section 3 Research Significance...............................................................................................10 1. Explore the motivation behind the foreign aid phenomenon.......................................10 2 Find experiences that China can learn from..................................................................10 3 Implications to the future assistance of the international community.......................... 11 Section 4 Research Methods.....................................................................................................12 1.Data analysis method.....................................................................................................12 2. Analytical method of international relations................................................................12 Section 5 Acronym................................................................................................................... 12 .................................................. ChapterⅡ Analysis of China's aid to Pakistan in the 21st century 14 Section 1 China's current official assistance mechanism.........................................................14 1. Decision-making organization......................................................................................14 2. Executing agency..........................................................................................................15 3. Evaluation agency.........................................................................................................15 4 .Related laws and regulations........................................................................................16 5. Summary.......................................................................................................................18 Section 2 Content analysis of China's official assistance to Pakistan since the 21st century..18 1. The ODA and TOC from China to Pakistan................................................................ 19 2 According to the division of different sectors, analyze ODA and OFC....................... 22 Section 3 Motivation analysis of China's aid to Pakistan........................................................ 25 1. Motivation of foreign aid policy from the perspective of international relations........26 2 Introduction to China-Pakistan Relations......................................................................26 3 Politics and security.......................................................................................................29 4 Economy........................................................................................................................ 30 5 Humanism......................................................................................................................32 ChapterⅢ Chinese Foreign Aid in Gawdar port——the case study on Mordern Chinese Foreign aid to Pakistan...................................................................................................................................34 Section 1 Overview of Gwadar Port.........................................................................................34 1. Overview:......................................................................................................................34 2. Strategic significance....................................................................................................34 3. main risks......................................................................................................................36 Section 2 Development History................................................................................................42 1. Obscurity (before the 21st century)..............................................................................42 2 2. Start gradually (2001-2007)......................................................................................... 42 3. Fall into stagnation (2007-2013).................................................................................. 43 4. Get back on track (2013-present)................................................................................. 44 Section 3 China's aid construction in Gwadar Port..................................................................45 1. Development History....................................................................................................45 2. Project Introduction...................................................................................................... 49 Section 4 Chinese Official Assistance in Gwadar....................................................................54 1. The content of the official aid projects.........................................................................54 2. Characteristics of Chinese aid:..................................................................................... 55 Section 5 Motives of Chinese Official Assistance in Gwadar Port......................................... 56 1. China's motivation to choose Gwadar Port.................................................................. 56 2. China's motivation for Aid to Gwadar port..................................................................58 ..................................................... Chapter Ⅳ Analysis of UK's aid to Pakistan in the 21st century 62 Section 1 The current official assistance mechanism of the UK............................................. 62 1. Decision mechanism.....................................................................................................63 2. Execution mechanism...................................................................................................64 3. Supervision mechanism and evaluation mechanism....................................................65 Section 2 Analysis of the content of UK's official assistance to Pakistan since the 21st century.......................................................................................................................................67 1. Overview of assistance................................................................................................. 67 2. Features.........................................................................................................................69 Section 3: Analysis of the Motivation of UK's Aid................................................................. 71 1. Politics.......................................................................................................................... 72 2. Economy....................................................................................................................... 72 3. Security......................................................................................................................... 73 4. Humanitarianism...........................................................................................................75 .......................................................... Chapter Ⅴ Case study: Punjab Education Sector Program II 77 Section 1 Project Introduction.................................................................................................. 77 1. Project goal................................................................................................................... 77 2. Project duration and budget..........................................................................................77 3. Project content.............................................................................................................. 77 Section 2. Project Background................................................................................................. 79 1. The status of education in UK aid to Pakistan:............................................................ 79 Section 3 Project Impact and Evaluation..................................................................................82 Section 4 Project Motivation.................................................................................................... 83 .............................................. ChapterⅥ Comparison of aid