Systematics and biogeography of the Helminthoglyptidae of Sonora. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Naranjo-Garcia, Edna. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 21:54:53 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184460 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. 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Accessing the World's Information sinceI 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 USA Order Number 8822430 Systematics and biogeography of the Helminthoglyptidae of Sonora Naranjo-Garcia, Edna, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1988 U·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark _";_. 1. Glossy photographs or pages __ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print ___ 3. Photographs with dark background __ 4. illustrations are poor copy ___ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy ~ 6. Print shows through as there is t~xt on both sides of page ___ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ,/ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements __ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine ___ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print ___ 11. 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Other___________________________________ _ U·MI 1 SYSTEMATICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE OF SONORA by Edna Naranjo-Garcia A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH MAJOR IN GENERAL BIOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 198 8 THE UNIVERStTY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Edna Naranjo~Garcia SYSTE~~TICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY-------------------------------------------- OF HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE OF SONORA entitled ----------------------- and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 5/27/88 tili.&4 ~ .);{Lt/vr Date wa~Miller 5/27/88 _Q....",~-KeC( /,<2 Date ~~Mead~ ~~'?~i2~ 5/27/88 Date a~:ns1Vttc~~~ 5/27/88 Charles Mason , Date tJ)dl!.-~t/l.. d/;t,b-·Pl/· ~l.cUL/· 5/27/88 I WillardVanAsdall Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. 5/27/88 Date 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Signed: ~~d ----- ------ ----------- 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Walter B. Miller, major professor and dissertation director, to Drs. Albert R. Mead and Peter E. Pickens of the major committee, and to Drs. Charles T. Mason and Willard VanAsdall for their service on the minor committee. I am specially indebted to Dr. W.B. Miller for his kindness, patience, and teachings in the laboratory, as well as in the field, and for making available to me his fine collection of land snails of Southwestern Unites States, Northwestern Mexico. I would like to thank Diana Warr, Albert Collier and Paul H. Scott for their encouragement. For their companionship in the field to: W.B. Miller, James Hoffman, Drs. Richard L. Reeder and Carl Christensen. For his help to make clear the section of Biogeography to Dr. Russell Davis. Great appreciation and thanks to Ronnie Sidner for all her help on matters of editing and language, throughout my stay here. Sincere thanks to the Scientific Illustration team, Don Sayner, Ginny Childs, Charlotte Ernstein for making available their facilities and for their advise. I am deeply grateful to my family in Mexico City for their understanding and moral support: Onfalia, Judith, Carmen, Doris, Gregorio, Ruth Indira, Asgard and Uriel Siddartha. In addition, my gratitude to CONACyT for its financial support. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ..........................•..... 5 ABSTRACT ............................................. '7 INTRODUCTION ......................................... 7 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................ 11 Materials .............................. 11 Collecting Methods ..................... 11 Dissections ............................ 13 Whole Mounts ........................... 14 Mounting ............................. 15 Dehydration and clearing ............. 15 Making the permanent whole-mount ..... 16 Illustrations .......................... 16 DESCRIPTION OF NEW Sonorella SPECIES ................. 18 Descriptions ........................... 19 S. cananea .......................... 19 §,". burgessi ......................... 23 §.. pratti ........................... 28 §.. rothi ............................ 32 §.. seri ....•........................ 36 §.. species "a" ........ 0 ••••••••••••• 39 §.. species "b" ...................... 43 §.. species "c" .................... 46 §.. species "d" ...................... 50 FAMILIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE WESTERN AMERICAN HELICOIDEA .................. 55 Familial Relationships ................. 55 Biogeography ........................... 66 The Helminthoglyptidae in Sonora .... 76 ECOLOGY .............................................. 89 CONCLUSIONS .............................. I: •••...••... 94 LITERATURE CITED ..................................... 97 -------------------------------------------i 5 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Distribution of Eremarionta and Sonorella known in 1983 ....................................... 9 2. Sonorella cananea Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype .......................................... 21 3. §.. burgessi Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ... 25 4. ~. pratti Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ..... 30 5. ~ . rothi Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ...... 34 6. ~. .~eri Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ....... 37 7. Sonorella species "a" Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ................................ 41 8. Sonorella species "b" Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ................................ 45 9. Sonorella species "c" Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ................................ 48 10. Sonorella species lid" Basal Reproductive Anatomy of Holotype ................................ 52 11. Distribution of the Helicoidea ...................... 67 12. The evolution of Pacifica ......................... 70-73 13. Distribution of the genera Eremarionta and Sonorella ........................................... 80 14. The known distribution of the genus Sonorella in 1983 ............................................. 81 15. The position of the Baja California Peninsula 10 to 15 million years ............................... 83 16. Present distribution of the genus Eremarionta on a map of the area 10-15 million years ago ......... 85 17. Hypothetical past distribution of Eremarionta ......................................... 87 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - continued Figure