NNOO..66:: DDIIVVEERRSSIITTYY AANNDD DDIISSTTRRIIBBUUTTIIOONN OOFF BBIIRRDDSS IINN TTHHEE YYIILLDDIIZZ MMOOUUNNTTAAIINNSS KKoorrhhaann ÖÖZZKKAANN AApprriilll 22001100 YYIILLDDIIZZ MMOOUUNNTTAAIINNSS BBIIOOSSPPHHEERREE PPRROOJJEECCTT RREEPPOORRTT SSEERRIIEESS YILDIZ MOUNTAINS AVIFAUNA DIVERSITY REPORT This document may be cited as: YMBP (2010). Diversity and distribution of birds in the Yıldız Mountains. Report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by Korhan Özkan for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 6. Other documents in this series of reports prepared by the Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project are as follows: Land and vegetation cover, habitat and landscape mapping of the Yıldız Moutains, using satellite remote sensing and GIS techniques. A report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by S. Berberoğlu, C. Dönmez, O. Şatır for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 1. Eco-hydrology of Yıldız Mountains. A report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by Yusuf Serengil for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 2. Flora of Yıldız Mountains. A report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by N. Özhatay, E. Akalın, Y. Yeşil, S. Demirci, N. Güler, and H. Ersoy for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 3. Mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fishes of Yıldız Mountains. A report prepared on behalf of AGRER- Agriconsulting-AGRIN by M. Sözen and A. Karataş for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 4. Caves of the Yıldız Mountains and their fauna. Report prepared on behalf AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by BUMAD (E. Çoraman, Y. Özakın, Y. Çelik, M. Döker, K. Kunt, and E. Özel) for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 5. A participatory approach to planning the management of the proposed Yildiz Mountains Biosphere. Report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by S. Alpan Atamer for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 7. Resource management in the proposed Yıldız Mountains: a community-based approach. Report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by Francis Hurst for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 8. Identification and valuation of ecosystem goods and services in the Yıldız Mountains. A report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting-AGRIN by Dominic Moran for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 9. Social profiling of villages in the Yıldız Mountains. A report prepared on behalf of AGRER-Agriconsulting- AGRIN by Dominic Moran and Axel Tarisse for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 10. Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 6 YILDIZ MOUNTAINS AVIFAUNA DIVERSITY REPORT Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. iii Addendum ............................................................................................................................................................ v 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................1 2. Methods ...........................................................................................................................................................4 2.1. Field Surveys ..............................................................................................................................................4 2.2. Habitat Types and Sampling Effort ............................................................................................................7 2.3. Constraints .................................................................................................................................................9 2.4. Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 11 3. Results 3.1. Inventory for the Proposed Yıldız Mountains Biosphere ....................................................................... 11 3.2. Breeding Birds - Distribution and Habitat Preferences .......................................................................... 14 3.3. Significant Findings ................................................................................................................................. 17 3.4. Avifauna Diversity in the Yıldız Mountains ............................................................................................. 19 3.5. Conservation Status of Birds in the Yıldız Mountains............................................................................. 22 4. Importance of the Yıldız Mountains for Bird-watching ................................................................................. 24 5. Discussion and Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 25 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................... 29 References ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Annex 1. List of Birds in the Yıldız Mountains ................................................................................................... 32 Annex 2. Distribution Maps of Species Observed in the Survey ....................................................................... 43 Annex 3. Morning Survey Form ......................................................................................................................... 52 Annex 4. Night Survey Form .............................................................................................................................. 53 Annex 5. Survey Form for Opportunistic Observations ..................................................................................... 54 Yıldız Mountains Biosphere Project Report Series No. 6 i YILDIZ MOUNTAINS AVIFAUNA DIVERSITY REPORT Contents LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Summary of the survey effort and observations ................................................................................4 Table 2 Bird breeding codes used in the survey .............................................................................................6 Table 3 List of species assigned to breeding statuses different to field observations ....................................7 Table 4 Total number of survey points for each main habitat type ................................................................8 Table 5 Forest survey points classified by dominant tree and age of stand ...................................................9 Table 6 Assessment of species reported from the Project area that are unlikely to be present ................ 12 Table 7 List of most abundant and most common species for each main habitat type surveyed .............. 15 Table 8 Characteristic bird species of the main habitats surveyed.............................................................. 17 Table 9 Average bird species richness for the main habitats surveyed ....................................................... 19 Table 10 Average bird species richness according to dominant tree species and age of stand .................... 21 Table 11 Conservation annexes and categories defined under international and national instruments ..... 23 Table 12 Summary of conservation status of birds species in the proposed Yıldız Mountains Biosphere .... 23 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Distribution of avian species diversity by biogeographic realms and countries ................................1 Figure 2 Main bird migration routes over Turkey ............................................................................................2 Figure 3 Map of the Project area, its habitats, settlements and access routes ...............................................3 Figure 4 Distribution of survey and opportunistic observation locations ........................................................5 Figure 5 Distribution of survey points, labelled according to main habitat types ...........................................8 Figure 6 Species accumulation curves for the main habitat types ................................................................ 10 Figure 7 Distribution of the observation locations held in national databases, KUŞBANK and TRAKUŞ ...... 14 Figure 8 Photographs of some important bird observations ........................................................................ 18 Figure 9 Distribution of bird species richness across the proposed Yıldız Mountains Biosphere ................. 20 Figure 10 Some birds species live in old forests with decaying trees ............................................................. 22 Figure 11 Woodpeckers of the Yıldız Mountains ...........................................................................................