Journalof ScienfificExploration, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 217-238, 1988 0892-33 10188 $3.00+.00 Pergamon Press plc. Printed in the USA. 01989 Society for Scientific Exploration Three New Cases of the Reincarnation Type in Sri Lanka With Written Records Made Before Verifications Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 and GODWINSAMARARATNE Kandy, Sri Lanka Abstract-Three new cases in Sri Lanka of children who claim to re- member previous lives were identified before the statements made by the children subjects of the cases had been verified. The authors made a written record of what the child said and then located a family corresponding to the child's statements. Although none of the children stated the name of the deceased person whose life the child seemed to remember, they all fur- nished details that, taken together, were sufficiently specific to identify one particular person as the only person corresponding to the child's state- ments. Careful inquiries about the possibilities for the normal communica- tion of information from one family to the other before the case developed provide no evidence of such communication and make it seem almost impossible that it could have occurred. The written records of exactly what the child said about the previous life make it possible to exclude distortion of memories of the child's statements on the part of informants after the two families concerned have met. The children seem to have shown para- normal knowledge about deceased persons who were previously completely unknown to their families. Introduction Children who claim to remember previous lives can be found with little difficulty in South Asia, parts of western Asia, West Africa, and in some other parts of the world. A survey of a randomly sampled population in northern India showed an incidence of one such case in 500 persons (Barker & Pasricha, 1979). Previous articles and books have reported 62 cases of this We wish to thank Tissa Jayawardane for his skill in learning about these cases and making preliminary investigations of them. H.S.S. Nissanka furnished helpful information about landslides in the highland area south of Kandy, Sri Lanka. Susan Adams gave helpful editorial assistance. Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Ian Stevenson, M.D., Box 152, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. 218 I. Stevenson and G. Samararatne type in detail (Stevenson, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1983). In addition, the features of the cases have been analyzed in cross-cultural comparisons (Cook, Pasricha, Samararatne, U Win Maung, & Stevenson, 1983) and in comparisons of cases occumng two generations apart (Pasricha & Steven- son. 1987). The subjects of these cases often show behavior, such as phobias, philias, and play, that is unusual in their family but that accords with behavior that the person whose life the child recalls was known to have shown or that could be plausibly attributed to him. However, such behavior could derive from the child's belief that he had been a particular person. For example, a phobia of knives would be appropriate for a person who believed that he had been stabbed to death in a previous life; the belief by itself is not evidence that the subject had a previous life that ended in stabbing. More valuable evidence can, however, derive from the child's statements about the pre- vious life. Yet not all of these statements can qualify as satisfactory. For this to happen we must know not only that the statements are correct for events in the life of a particular person; we must also know that the child could not have obtained the information in his statements by normal means of com- munication. These are difficult criteria to satisfy, for reasons that we shall next explain. First, in a large number of cases the child does not make statements that are sufficiently specific to permit tracing a deceased person corresponding to them. (We call such a person the "previous personality" of the case.) These unverified cases (which we call "unsolved cases") may include memories of real previous lives; but we cannot know this, and they may be only fantasies. The incidence of unsolved cases varies from one country to another; they are particularly common in Sri Lanka and among non-tribal cases of the United States. In a second large group of cases the subject's family and that of the previous personality were acquainted before the case developed, and information about the previous personality might have reached the subject normally. There remains a third large group of cases in which the two families were unrelated and unacquainted before the case developed. More- over, they often live so far apart-perhaps 50, 100, or more kilometers from each other-that (given the difficulties of communication in Asia) it is extremely unlikely that the subject's family could have learned anything normally about the previous personality's family before the case developed. Unfortunately, investigators of cases rarely learn about them before the two families concerned have met. If the subject of a case furnishes informa- tion about the previous personality that seems to his parents sufficiently specific (by including proper names of places and persons) and if the dis- tance involved is not too great, the subject's family will usually try to trace the family of which he is talking. They may be impelled to do this by their own curiosity, by the child's strongly expressed wish to go to the other family, or for both reasons. When the families meet, they naturally exchange information about what the subject said concerning the previous life and the Reincarnation cases recorded before verification 2 19 extent to which what he said corresponds to facts in the life of a deceased member of the other family. In this exchange members of one or both families may credit the child with having more accurate knowledge about the previous personality than he did in fact have before the families met. This improvement of the case may occur unconsciously and without any intention to deceive. These circumstances make particularly important the rare cases in which someone made a written record of exactly what the subject said before the two families met. Despite our long-standing aware- ness of the importance of such cases they still number only about one percent of the cases admitted to the series documented at the University of Virginia. More exactly, among approximately 2,500 cases someone made a written record of the subject's statements before they were verified in only 24 cases. Reports of three cases of this group in India (Stevenson, 196611974, 1975) and of two in Sri Lanka (Stevenson, 196611974, 1977) have been published. A means of increasing the number of such cases has been obvious for many years, but has proven difficult to implement. It is to have a person able to identify the cases living in an area where they occur; and that person must quickly reach any case of which he learns and record the subject's state- ments about the previous life before the subject's parents (or someone else) take the subject to the previous family. Sri Lanka appears to be a country well suited for such an effort. We have learned of cases there in which the two families had not met that came first to the attention of newspaper reporters. The reporters identified a family corresponding to the subject's statements and often took the subject to that family. They then published a report of the case in a newspaper (which often provided our first information about the case). However, the reporters (with a single exception known to us) were only interested in the immediate news value of the case, and they made no written list of the child's statements before taking him to the other family. Such cases, therefore, could not be included in the small series of these special cases (with written records before verification) that we are trying to increase. Circumstances finally gave our team a slight advantage over the newspa- per reporters in the race to learn first about new cases. Mr. Tissa Jayawar- dane (T.J.) has been assisting in our research in Sri Lanka for many years. He notified us of new cases that he learned about, and he often accompanied one or both of us on tours to investigate cases. However, his activity on behalf of the research was sporadic and largely confined to the periods when one of us was actually investigating a case. Then in 1985 he unexpectedly became able to devote his entire time to the research. He quickly widened the network of his informants for cases and soon began to learn of many new ones. Some of these were unsolved and probably are insoluble; in others, the two families had already met even before T.J. reached them. Nevertheless, in several instances he reached the scene of the case before the families had met, made a written record of the subject's statements, and 220 I. Stevenson and G. Samararatne then went on to identify a family corresponding to the statements (which family the subject's family had not met or heard about). Our team has now studied four of these cases in Sri Lanka and the present paper reports three of these. (For reasons of space we omit the fourth case here in order to provide sufficient details about the other three.) These four cases are less than 10% of all the Sri Lanka cases that we have learned about over the period of studying them.