ALGORITHMS: HOW COMPANIES’ DECISIONS ABOUT DATA AND CONTENT IMPACT CONSUMERS JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DIGITAL COMMERCE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 29, 2017 Serial No. 115–80 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce energycommerce.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–578 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Mar 15 2010 11:14 Oct 04, 2018 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 I:\115THCONGRESS\115X80ALGORITHMSNDQFRRS\115X80ALGORITHMSWORKING W COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE GREG WALDEN, Oregon Chairman JOE BARTON, Texas FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey Vice Chairman Ranking Member FRED UPTON, Michigan BOBBY L. RUSH, Illinois JOHN SHIMKUS, Illinois ANNA G. ESHOO, California MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee GENE GREEN, Texas STEVE SCALISE, Louisiana DIANA DEGETTE, Colorado ROBERT E. LATTA, Ohio MICHAEL F. DOYLE, Pennsylvania CATHY MCMORRIS RODGERS, Washington JANICE D. SCHAKOWSKY, Illinois GREGG HARPER, Mississippi G.K. BUTTERFIELD, North Carolina LEONARD LANCE, New Jersey DORIS O. MATSUI, California BRETT GUTHRIE, Kentucky KATHY CASTOR, Florida PETE OLSON, Texas JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland DAVID B. MCKINLEY, West Virginia JERRY MCNERNEY, California ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois PETER WELCH, Vermont H. MORGAN GRIFFITH, Virginia BEN RAY LUJA´ N, New Mexico GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida PAUL TONKO, New York BILL JOHNSON, Ohio YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York BILLY LONG, Missouri DAVID LOEBSACK, Iowa LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana KURT SCHRADER, Oregon BILL FLORES, Texas JOSEPH P. KENNEDY, III, Massachusetts SUSAN W. BROOKS, Indiana TONY CA´ RDENAS, California MARKWAYNE MULLIN, Oklahoma RAUL RUIZ, California RICHARD HUDSON, North Carolina SCOTT H. PETERS, California CHRIS COLLINS, New York DEBBIE DINGELL, Michigan KEVIN CRAMER, North Dakota TIM WALBERG, Michigan MIMI WALTERS, California RYAN A. COSTELLO, Pennsylvania EARL L. ‘‘BUDDY’’ CARTER, Georgia JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 11:14 Oct 04, 2018 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 I:\115THCONGRESS\115X80ALGORITHMSNDQFRRS\115X80ALGORITHMSWORKING W SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee Chairman LEONARD LANCE, New Jersey MICHAEL F. DOYLE, Pennsylvania Vice Chairman Ranking Member JOHN SHIMKUS, Illinois PETER WELCH, Vermont STEVE SCALISE, Louisiana YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York ROBERT E. LATTA, Ohio DAVID LOEBSACK, Iowa BRETT GUTHRIE, Kentucky RAUL RUIZ, California PETE OLSON, Texas DEBBIE DINGELL, Michigan ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois BOBBY L. RUSH, Illinois GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida ANNA G. ESHOO, California BILL JOHNSON, Ohio ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York BILLY LONG, Missouri G.K. BUTTERFIELD, North Carolina BILL FLORES, Texas DORIS O. MATSUI, California SUSAN W. BROOKS, Tennessee JERRY MCNERNEY, California CHRIS COLLINS, New York FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey (ex KEVIN CRAMER, North Dakota officio) MIMI WALTERS, California RYAN A. COSTELLO, Pennsylvania GREG WALDEN, Oregon (ex officio) SUBCOMMITTEE ON DIGITAL COMMERCE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ROBERT E. LATTA, Ohio Chairman ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois JANICE D. SCHAKOWSKY, Illinois Vice Chairman Ranking Member FRED UPTON, Michigan BEN RAY LUJA´ N, New Mexico MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York LEONARD LANCE, New Jersey TONY CA´ RDENAS, California BRETT GUTHRIE, Kentucky DEBBIE DINGELL, Michigan DAVID B. MCKINLEY, West Virgina DORIS O. MATSUI, California ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois PETER WELCH, Vermont GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida JOSEPH P. KENNEDY, III, Massachusetts LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana GENE GREEN, Texas MARKWAYNE MULLIN, Oklahoma FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey (ex MIMI WALTERS, California officio) RYAN A. COSTELLO, Pennsylvania GREG WALDEN, Oregon (ex officio) (III) VerDate Mar 15 2010 11:14 Oct 04, 2018 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 I:\115THCONGRESS\115X80ALGORITHMSNDQFRRS\115X80ALGORITHMSWORKING W VerDate Mar 15 2010 11:14 Oct 04, 2018 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 I:\115THCONGRESS\115X80ALGORITHMSNDQFRRS\115X80ALGORITHMSWORKING W CONTENTS Page Hon. Robert E. Latta, a Representative in Congress from the State of Ohio, opening statement ................................................................................................ 2 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 3 Hon. Janice D. Schakowsky, a Representative in Congress from the State of Illinois, opening statement .............................................................................. 4 Hon. Marsha Blackburn, a Representative in Congress from the State of Tennessee, opening statement ............................................................................ 5 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 7 Hon. Michael F. Doyle, a Representative in Congress from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, opening statement ................................................................... 7 Hon. Greg Walden, a Representative in Congress from the State of Oregon, opening statement ................................................................................................ 9 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 11 Hon. Frank Pallone, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey, opening statement .......................................................................... 12 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 13 WITNESSES Omri Ben-Shahar, Ph.D., Leo Herzel Professor in Law, University of Chicago Law School ............................................................................................................ 15 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 18 Answers to submitted questions ...................................................................... 154 Kate Klonick, Resident Fellow, Information Society Project, Yale Law School . 23 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 25 Answers to submitted questions 1 ................................................................... 157 Laura Moy, Deputy Director, Center on Privacy & Technology at Georgetown Law ........................................................................................................................ 33 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 35 Answers to submitted questions ...................................................................... 159 Catherine Tucker, Ph.D., Sloane Distinguished Professor of Management Science, MIT Sloane School of Management ..................................................... 57 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 59 Answers to submitted questions ...................................................................... 164 Frank Pasquale, Professor of Law, University of Maryland ................................ 67 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 69 Answers to submitted questions ...................................................................... 169 Michael Kearns, Ph.D., Computer and Information Science Professor, Univer- sity of Pennsylvania ............................................................................................. 93 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 95 Answers to submitted questions ...................................................................... 183 SUBMITTED MATERIAL Letter of November 1, 2016, from Hon. Robin L. Kelly, et al., to Mark Zuckerberg, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Facebook, submitted by Ms. Clarke ....................................................................................................... 130 Statement of Frank Pasquale, Professor of Law, University of Maryland, before the United States Senate, September 12, 2017, submitted by Ms. Matsui ................................................................................................................... 131 1 Ms. Klonick did not answer submitted questions for the record by the time of printing. (V) VerDate Mar 15 2010 11:14 Oct 04, 2018 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 I:\115THCONGRESS\115X80ALGORITHMSNDQFRRS\115X80ALGORITHMSWORKING W VI Page Tweets of November 22, 2017, Cloudflare, submitted by Mr. Costello ............... 149 Report of May 2016, ‘‘Online Privacy and ISPs,’’ The Institute for Information Security & Privacy,1 submitted by Mr. Lance Letter of November 28, 2017, from Marc Rotenberg, President, and Caitriona Fitzgerald, Policy Director, Electronic Privacy Information Center, to Mr. Latta, et al., submitted by Mr. Lance ................................................................. 150 1 The information has been retained in committee files and also is available at http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF17/20171129/106659/HHRG-115- IF17-20171129-SD004-U4.pdf. VerDate Mar 15 2010 11:14 Oct 04, 2018 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt