BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT IN DENTISTRY FOR CHILDREN BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT IN DENTISTRY FOR CHILDREN SECOND EDITION Edited by Gerald Z. Wright Ari Kupietzky This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does First Edition published by W B Saunders Co 1975 © 1975 Gerald not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information Z. Wright the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites Editorial Offices listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty USA may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, work. 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Dental Care for Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are Children–methods. 3. Adolescent. 4. Anesthesia, Dental– often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names methods. 5. Child Behavior. 6. Child. 7. Dentist-Patient used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or Relations. 8. Infant. WU 480] registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is RK55.C5 not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. 617.6 450019–dc23 The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific ′ 2013043130 research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. 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In Cover image: (top right, clockwise) photographed by Shiloh Terry, view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in Mirva Maki and Dr. Aharon Itzkovitz. governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information Cover design by Modern Alchemy LLC. relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided Set in 9.5/12pt Palatino by SPi Publishers Services, Pondicherry, in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, India or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. 1 2014 The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work This book is dedicated to our grandchildren, Akiva, Alexis, Benaya, Choni, Itai, Joshua, Lavi, Lily, Maxine, Simone, Theo, and their generation all over the world. Those of us who communicate with children and provide their dental care share something important–a love of children. Contents Editors, ix Contributors, xi Acknowledgments, xv Chapter 1 Introductory Remarks, 3 Gerald Z. Wright Ari Kupietzky Chapter 2 Understanding Key Moments in Child Development, 11 Eileen Wood Chapter 3 Children’s Behavior in the Dental Office, 23 Jaap S.J. Veerkamp Gerald Z. Wright Chapter 4 Influence of the Family, 35 Barbara Sheller Chapter 5 Establishing a Dental Home, 53 Anna B. Fuks Ari Kupietzky Chapter 6 Non-Pharmacologic Approaches in Behavior Management, 63 Gerald Z. Wright Ari Kupietzky Chapter 7 Children with Disabilities, 93 Gunilla Klingberg Chapter 8 Local Anesthesia, 107 Steven Schwartz Ari Kupietzky Chapter 9 Introduction to Pharmacological Techniques: A Historical Perspective, 125 Gerald Z. Wright Ari Kupietzky Chapter 10 Sedation for the Pediatric Patient, 131 Stephen Wilson vii viii Contents Chapter 11 Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Sedation in Children, 145 Dimitris Emmanouil Ari Kupietzky Chapter 12 Minimal and Moderate Sedation Agents, 159 Stephen Wilson Chapter 13 Working with a Dentist Anesthesiologist, 177 Kenneth L. Reed Amanda Jo Okundaye Chapter 14 The Use of General Anesthesia in Behavior Management, 185 Marcio A. da Fonseca Travis Nelson Chapter 15 Management of Emergencies Associated with Pediatric Dental Sedation, 197 Kenneth L. Reed Amanda Jo Okundaye Chapter 16 Practical Considerations and the Dental Team, 211 Jonathon E. Lee Brian D. Lee Chapter 17 The Dental Office, 227 Jonathon E. Lee Brian D. Lee Gerald Z. Wright Ari Kupietzky Index, 241 Editors Gerald Z. Wright, DDS, MSD, FRCD (C) Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry Emeritus Professor Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London, Ontario, Canada Ari Kupietzky, DMD, MSc Visiting Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark, New Jersey, USA Clinical Instructor Department of Pediatric Dentistry The Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel ix Contributors Marcio A. da Fonseca, DDS, MS Chair and Program Director Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry Chicago, Illinois, USA Dimitris Emmanouil, DDS, MS, PhD Lecturer Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, Greece Adjunct Assistant Professor Washington State University, School of Pharmacy Pullman, Washington, USA Anna B. Fuks, DDS Professor Emeritus Department of Pediatric Dentistry The Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel Gunilla Klingberg, DDS Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Odontology Malmö University Malmö, Sweden Ari Kupietzky, DMD, MSc Visiting Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark, New Jersey, USA Clinical Instructor Department of Pediatric Dentistry The Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel Brian D. Lee, DDS, MSD, FACD Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry Private Practice Foster City, California, USA xi xii Contributors Jonathon E. Lee, DDS, FACD Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry Diplomate of the American Board of Orthodontics Private Practice Foster City, California, USA Travis Nelson, DDS, MSD, MPH Acting Assistant Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA Amanda Jo Okundaye, DDS Clinical Assistant Professor of Endodontics Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California. Los Angeles, California, USA Associate Professor in Residence University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA Lecturer University of California Los Angeles, Private Practice Dental Anesthesiology Nevada and California, USA Kenneth L. Reed, DMD Attending Dentist in Anesthesia, Lutheran Medical Center Brooklyn, New York, USA Clinical Associate Professor, The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California Los Angeles, California, USA Affiliate Assistant Professor, The Oregon Health Science University Portland, Oregon, USA Clinical Instructor, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Associate Professor University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Dental Medicine Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Steven Schwartz, DDS Program Director Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program Staten Island University Hospital New York, New York, USA Barbara Sheller, DDS, MSD Attending Pediatric Dentist and Orthodontist Department of Dentistry, Seattle Children’s Hospital Affiliate Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry,