V. M. Bobyriov, T. A. Petrova, G. Yu. Ostrovskaya, M. M. Ryabushko, A. A. Kapustianska PHARMACOTHERAPY IN DENTISTRY Vinnytsia Nova Knyha 2020 UDC 616.31(075.8) P 24 Recommended by the Academic Council of the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy as a manual for foreign students-graduands of Master's degree studying "Dentistry" in higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (protocol of the meeting of the Academic Council No 11 of 24.06.2020) Reviewers: Igor I. Zamorsky – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology of the Higher State Educational Institution of Ukraine "Bukovinian State Medical University". Tamara I. Ermolenko – Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation of Kharkov National Medical University. Authors: Victor M. Bobyriov, Doctor of Medical Science, Professor. Tamara A. Petrova, PhD, Associate Professor of Department of Experimental and Clinical pharmacology with clinical immunology and allergology of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. Galina Yu. Ostrovska, PhD, Associate Professor of Department of Experimental and Clinical pharmacology with clinical immunology and allergology of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. Mykola M. Ryabushko, PhD, Associate Professor of Department of Experimental and Clinical pharmacology with clinical immunology and allergology of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Dean of Medical Faculty №1. Anna A. Kapustianska, PhD, Associate Professor of Department of Experimental and Clinical pharmacology with clinical immunology and allergology of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. Pharmacotherapy in dentistry : manual / Bobyiov V. M., P 24 Petrova Т. А., Ostrovska G. Yu., Ryabushko M. M., Kapustianska А. А. – Vinnytsia : Nova Knyha, 2020. – 376 p. : il. ISBN The authors of the book made recommendations to students of dental faculties and practicing dentists on the effective use of pharmacotherapy in dental practice. The book describes the pharmacological characteristics of the main groups of drugs used in den- tistry. UDC 616.31(075.8) © Authors, 2020 ISBN © Nova Knyha, 2020 CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 9 List of conditional abbreviations .............................................................................10 Section 1. Pharmacotherapy in dentistry .........................................................12 1.1. Anesthesia in dentistry ........................................................................................13 1.1.1. Use of general anesthetics ......................................................................16 1.1.2. Use of local anesthetics ............................................................................17 1.1.3. Use of non-narcotic analgesics ..............................................................19 1.1.4. Use of narcotic analgesics .......................................................................21 1.1.5. Pharmacotherapy of pain in therapeutic dentistry ........................22 1.1.6. Pharmacotherapy of pain in neurodentistry ....................................26 1.1.7. Pharmacotherapy of pain in surgical dentistry ................................30 1.1.8. Pharmacotherapy of pain in neoplasms.............................................39 1.1.9. Physical methods of anesthesia ............................................................40 1.2. Pharmacotherapy of diseases of hard tooth tissues ...............................42 1.2.1. Caries ...............................................................................................................42 1.2.2. Non-carious lesions of the teeth ..........................................................55 1.3. Pharmacotherapy of pulpitis .............................................................................57 1.4. Pharmacotherapy of periodontitis .................................................................65 1.5. Pharmacotherapy of periodontal diseases .................................................73 1.6. Pharmacotherapy of diseases of the oral mucosa ...................................88 1.6.1. Xerostomia .....................................................................................................89 1.6.2. Mucosal damage .........................................................................................90 1.6.3. Leukoplakia ....................................................................................................93 1.6.4. Acute herpetic stomatitis .........................................................................94 1.6.5. Chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis .................................................96 1.6.6. Shingles ...........................................................................................................97 1.6.7. Influenza stomatitis ....................................................................................97 1.6.8. Damage to the mucous membrane in chickenpox ........................98 1.6.9. Damage to the mucous membrane in measles ..............................98 1.6.10. Damage to the mucous membrane in AIDS ..................................98 3 1.6.11. Vincent’s necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis .................................. 100 1.6.12. Vincent’s angina ..................................................................................... 102 1.6.13. Gangrenous stomatitis ........................................................................ 102 1.6.14. Lichen planus........................................................................................... 102 1.6.15. Candidosis ................................................................................................ 105 1.6.16. Actinomycosis ......................................................................................... 108 1.6.17. Allergic lesions ........................................................................................ 109 1.6.18. Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis ......................................... 111 1.6.19. Exudative erythema multiforme ...................................................... 112 1.7. Antibacterial therapy of acute inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area ......................................................................................................... 116 1.7.1. Odontogenic sinusitis ............................................................................. 123 1.7.2. Odontogenic abscess ............................................................................. 123 1.7.3. Periostitis and osteomyelitis ................................................................ 125 1.7.4. Odontogenic phlegmon of the head and neck ............................ 127 1.7.5. Lymphadenitis, adenophlegmon of the head and neck ........... 128 1.7.6. Furuncle, carbuncle ................................................................................. 130 1.8. Local medicinal treatment of wound infections .................................... 132 Section 2. Pharmacotherapy of emergency conditions .......................140 2.1. Acute disorders of blood circulation .......................................................... 142 2.1.1. Faint ............................................................................................................... 142 2.1.2. Collapse ....................................................................................................... 143 2.1.3. Shock ............................................................................................................ 144 2.2. Allergic reactions ................................................................................................. 146 2.2.1. Angioedema ............................................................................................... 146 2.2.2. Anaphylactic shock .................................................................................. 147 2.3. Stenocardia ............................................................................................................ 149 2.4. Hypertensive crisis .............................................................................................. 151 2.5. Acute respiratory failure .................................................................................. 153 2.6. Bronchial asthma ................................................................................................. 155 2.7. Comatose states ................................................................................................... 156 2.8. Convulsive disorders .......................................................................................... 159 2.9. Renal colic ............................................................................................................... 161 2.10. Hepatic colic ........................................................................................................ 162 4 2.11. Injuries to the maxillofacial area ................................................................ 163 2.11.1. Facial contusion ...................................................................................... 163 2.11.2. Facial wounds .......................................................................................... 163 2.11.3. Dental dislocations and fractures .................................................... 164 2.11.4. Mandibular dislocation.......................................................................