: Beyond the 49th Parallel: Parallel th Many Faces of the Canadian North Au-dela du 49eme parallele : multiples visages du Nord canadien Beyond the 49 Many Faces of the Canadian North Many Faces of the Canadian North Edited by / Edité par Évaine Le Calvé-Ivičević + Vanja Polić : parallele eme Au-dela du 49 multiples visages du Nord canadien zagreb_2019cover.indd 1 24.1.2019 14:25:20 Beyond the 49th Parallel: Many Faces of the Canadian North Au-dela du 49eme parallele : multiples visages du Nord canadien Edited by / Edité par Évaine Le Calvé-Ivičević + Vanja Polić Central European Association for Canadian Studies Association d’Etudes Canadiennes en Europe Centrale Masaryk University / Université Masaryk Brno 2018 zagreb_2019_text.indd 1 19.2.2019 11:07:07 Beyond the 49th Parallel: Many Faces of the Canadian North Au-delà du 49ème parallèle : multiples visages du Nord canadien Editors / Éditrices : Évaine Le Calvé-Ivičević (Université de Zagreb) Vanja Polić (University of Zagreb) Technical Editor/Rédacteur technique : Pavel Křepela (Czech Republic/République tchèque) Cover&typo/Maquette de la couverture et mise en page : Pavel Křepela (Czech Republic/République tchèque) Contact/Contact : www.cecanstud.cz [email protected] 1st edition, 2018. Circulation 100 copies / 1ère édition, 2018. Tirage 100 exemplaires Published by/Publié par Masaryk University, Brno 2018 Printed by/Imprimé par Ctrl P s.r.o., Bezručova 17a, 602 00 Brno Copyright © 2018 Central European Association for Canadian Studies Copyright © 2018 Masarykova univerzita ISBN 978-80-210-9192-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-80-210-9193-1 (online : pdf) zagreb_2019_text.indd 2 19.2.2019 11:07:07 content — table des matières Introduction / Introduction Évaine Le Calvé-Ivičević and / et Vanja Polić .............................................................................. 6 I. CONCEPTUALIZING THE NORTH / CONCEVOIR LE NORD What is the Imagined North? / Qu’est-ce que l’imaginaire du Nord ? Daniel Chartier ......................................................................................................................... 28 The North Within Aritha van Herk ......................................................................................................................... 53 II. NARRATING THE NORTH / FAIRE LE(S) RÉCIT(S) DU NORD Conceptualising the North: Re-Imagining the Spaces of the North in Jacques Ferron’s L’Amélanchier and Mohammed Dib’s Les Terrasses d’Orsol Jasmina Bolfek-Radovani ......................................................................................................... 67 Le Nord retrouvé Květa Kunešová ........................................................................................................................ 85 Ce Nord tout en feu : Les héritiers de la mine et Il pleuvait des oiseaux de Jocelyne Saucier Petr Kyloušek ............................................................................................................................ 97 III. THE NORTH MISE-EN-GENRE / LE NORD, MISE-EN-GENRES Beyond the North: Nordicity in Canadian Fantastic Literature Allan Weiss .............................................................................................................................. 111 North and South of the 49th Parallel in Seth’s The Great Northern Brotherhood of Canadian Cartoonists Christl Verduyn ....................................................................................................................... 125 Le Nord canadien mis en scène. Lecture des pièces Terre Océane de Daniel Danis et Yukonstyle de Sarah Berthiaume Marija Paprašarovski ............................................................................................................... 133 A Filmed Representation of the Canadian Aboriginal North: Atanarjuat (The Fast Runner) Vesna Lopičić and Milena Kaličanin ...................................................................................... 147 zagreb_2019_text.indd 3 19.2.2019 11:07:07 IV. REFLECTIONS AND SOUNDS OF THE NORTH / REFLETS ET SONORITÉS DU NORD The “confluence of spirit, idea, and image”: The North in Canadian Culture in the Interwar Period Katalin Kürtösi ........................................................................................................................ 167 Visual and Audible Expressions of the North Based on the Works of Selected Canadian Artists and Henry Beissel’s Cantos North Krisztina Kodó ........................................................................................................................ 177 L’imaginaire de la neige dans la poésie féminine au Québec Veronika Černíková ................................................................................................................. 191 In Praise of the Human Voice: Robert Bringhurst’s New World Suite No. 3 and Glenn Gould’s The Idea of North Leonor María Martínez Serrano ............................................................................................ 205 V. ENCOUNTERING THE OTHER / A LA RENCONTRE DE L’AUTRE The Canadian North in the English Classroom Judit Nagy and Mátyás Bánhegyi .......................................................................................... 223 How Hockey Helps Canada to Claim and Keep Its North Petra Bručić .............................................................................................................................. 239 A Decade of Stephen Harper’s Northern Policy: Achievements and Failures Iwona Wrońska ....................................................................................................................... 253 The Impact of Membership in the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) on Canada’s Economy Ozren Pilipović ........................................................................................................................ 265 The Legal Status of Women in Canada – The Legal Model Beyond the th49 Parallel The Right to Choose – Abortion Law Then and Now Zrinka Erent-Sunko ................................................................................................................ 279 zagreb_2019_text.indd 4 19.2.2019 11:07:07 zagreb_2019_text.indd 5 19.2.2019 11:07:07 Central European Association for Canadian Studies Association d’Etudes Canadiennes en Europe Centrale Introduction Évaine Le Calvé Ivičević and Vanja Polić … their country is warmer than Spain, as fine a country as one would wish to see, level and smooth, and there is no part too small for trees, even if sandy, or where there is no wild wheat, which has an ear like that of rye and the grains like oats; there are peas as thick as if sown and cultivated, red and white barberries, strawberries, red and white roses, and other flowers of sweet and delightful perfume. […] We named this gulf the Grulf [sic] of Chaleur. (Cartier and Stephens) Cartier’s observations, which evoke the knowing smile of one who knows history in its totality, show that one “North” can obscure another. This image is among many that populate the imaginative world of the North; it is far from the descriptions of icy, solitary and hostile expanses, colourless and odorless, in which characters are forged in the face of mortal danger. The abundance and mildness of the climate described here make one wonder whether the explorer knew that he was traversing what we today consider the circumnordic world. For while the “North” is, in Western culture, the fundamental cardinal point, its definition, perception and demarcation continue to raise questions. Although it is a definite concept—we still speak of “True North”—it is changeable. We can consider it diachronically or synchronically, from the inside or the outside, as a space of culture(s) or as a geographical space. Daniel Chartier (2015: 1) notes this, as he proposes to “recomplexify” the concept. Even today, when we embark on a quest we must not “lose sight of the North”. Nancy Huston (2002) encouraged us to draw on this phrase — although it was coined in the mid-16th century (Rey 1989: 809) — and we do so with complicit pleasure. We relish the thought that its usage spread with migratory crossings to Canada. We therefore propose a quest for the North from the Canadian perspective, since Canada as a whole can be considered the “North”. But in Canada one can find a whole range of “Norths” in the past and present, and in a variety of areas, from founding narratives to land management policies, to literature, poetic expression and other 6 | Beyond the 49th Parallel: Many Faces of the Canadian North zagreb_2019_text.indd 6 19.2.2019 11:07:07 Central European Association for Canadian Studies Association d’Etudes Canadiennes en Europe Centrale Introduction Évaine Le Calvé Ivičević et Vanja Polić « Leur terre est en challeur plus temperee que la terre d’Espaigne et la plus belle qui soict possible de voir et aussi eunye que ung estanc. Et n’y a cy petit lieu vide de bouays et fust sur sable qui ne soict plain de blé sauvaige qui a l’espy comme seilgle et le grain comme avoyne et de poys aussi espez comme si on les y abvoict seimés et labourez grouaiseliers blans et rouges frassez franbouaysses et roses rouges et blanches et aultres herbes de bonne et grande odeur. (...) Nous nonma- mes ladite baye la baye de Chaleur. » (Cartier 2000 : 44) Ainsi qu’en témoigne les observations de Cartier, à la lecture desquelles nous ne pou- vons réprimer le sourire entendu de celui qui connaît la suite de l’histoire, un « Nord » peut en cacher un autre. Comme celui-ci est loin des descriptions d’étendues glaciales, solitaires et hostiles,