INTERCARGO Bulk Carrier Casualty Report Years 2008 to 2017 and the trends INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DRY CARGO SHIPOWNERS Ninth Floor, St. Clare House, 30/33 Minories, London EC3N 1DD Phone: +44 (0)20 7977 7030 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.intercargo.org While this report has been developed using the best information currently available, it is intended purely as guidance and is to be used at the user's own risk. No responsibility is accepted by INTERCARGO or by any person, firm, corporation or organisation who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation, publication or authorised translation, supply or the sale of this report, for the accuracy of any information or advice given herein or for any omission here from or for any consequences whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with or adoption of guidance contained herein. © INTERCARGO 2018 Contents Introduction………………………………………………… 1 Summary………………………………………………….... 2 Analysis of total losses for previous ten years 2008 to 2017 Losses by cause………………………………………... 4 Losses by bulk carrier size…………………………….. 5 Losses by age………………………………………….. 5 Losses by dwt………………………………………….. 6 Losses by average age…………………………………. 6 Loss of life……………………………………………... 7 Flag State performance………………………………… 7 Casualty list …………………………………………… 8 Alphabetical list ……………………………………..… 14 Introduction to INTERCARGO……………………back cover Front cover: M/V Cheshire, a photo released by Spanish Maritime Search and Rescue Society with appreciation Introduction In 2017, the tragic losses of M/V Stellar Daisy, masters are expecting a prompt legislation carrying an iron ore cargo, and M/V Emerald process to develop adequate mandatory safety Star, with a nickel ore cargo, raised questions of requirements to avoid recurrence of the M/V structural integrity and safety condition of high Cheshire and M/V Purple Beach incidents. density cargoes carried on board. These two bulk Lessons learnt from past incidents play an carrier casualties caused the loss of 32 seafarers, important role in determining where additional the highest annual loss of lives since 2011. The safety improvement is necessary. The industry expects that the full investigation importance of flag States’ timely submission of reports will provide answers to the questions and casualty investigation reports to IMO should be highlight the lessons to be learnt. stressed, as a means for identifying the cause of This edition of the Bulk Carrier Casualty Report incidents and enabling corrective actions to be covers reports bulk carrier casualties from 2008 taken. The IMO GISIS database showed by end to 2017 and provides an analysis on statistics January 2018 that 29 investigation reports of 53 and trends over the last 10 years. Fifty three (53) losses had not been submitted to IMO by their bulk carriers over 10,000 dwt have been flag States. Some details further highlight the identified as total losses over the years 2008 to issue of slow reporting: 2017. Cargo shift and liquefaction continue to be • The highest loss of life has been attributed to a great concern for the life of seafarers and the cargo failure (liquefaction), totalling 101 safe carriage of dry bulk cargoes over this period. lives lost from the 9 casualties during 2012 Those 9 casualties of suspected cargo failure and 2015. Three (3) investigation reports of consisted of 6 bulk carriers carrying nickel ore those 9 cases have not been submitted to from Indonesia, 2 vessels with laterite (clay) iron IMO. ore from India and 1 with bauxite from Malaysia, and there were 101 lives lost associated with the • The most common reported cause of ship 9 casualties of cargo failure against a total of 202 losses has been grounding, totalling 22 losses lives for all the 53 casualties. among the 53 cases. Ten (10) investigation In 2017, the INTERCARGO database recorded reports of those 22 cases have not been 337 bulk carrier incidents, including the 2 submitted to IMO. casualties of M/V Stellar Daisy and M/V • Six (6) ships lost with unknown causes Emerald Star. Serious concerns arose on the safe claimed 61 lives. Five (5) investigation carriage of ammonium nitrate based fertiliser, reports of those 6 cases have not been following the incident of the high temperatures submitted to IMO. in the cargo holds and the release of gases from • the cargo on the 57,000 dwt supramax MV Reported flooding led to losses of 8 ships and Cheshire in August 2017. Bulk carrier owners 14 lives. Five (5) investigation reports of are confused with the existing individual those 8 cases have not been submitted to schedule for AMMONIUM NITRATE BASED IMO. FERTILIZER (non-hazardous) in the IMSBC INTERCARGO stresses the importance of Code which covers a wide range of different timely submission of the casualty investigation fertilizers with the safety requirements varying reports to IMO from relevant flag States, as a depending on their specific properties, types and means of identifying the causes of the incidents compositions. The shipping industry welcomed and enabling corrective actions. the issuance of the IMO circular CCC.1/Circ.4 on “Carriage of AMMONIUM NITRATE BASED FERTILIZER (non-hazardous)” on 22 February, 2018 Sept 2017; however bulk carrier owners and 1 Summary 1 53 bulk carriers over 10,000 dwt have been identified as total losses for the years from 2008 to 2017. Handysize Handymax Supramax Panamax Capesize Year 10k-34999 35k-49999 50k-59999 60k-79999 Total 80k+ dwt dwt dwt dwt dwt 2008 4 0 0 1 0 5 2009 6 3 0 1 0 10 2010 1 1 2 0 2 6 2011 6 2 1 1 1 11 2012 1 0 1 1 0 3 2013 1 3 2 0 1 7 2014 1 1 0 0 0 2 2015 2 0 1 1 0 4 2016 0 1 0 0 2 3 2017 0 0 1 0 1 2 Total 22 11 8 5 7 53 Total losses - Bulk carriers by size and year Significant findings • 22 Handysize bulk carriers were lost, representing 41.5% of the total 53 casualties reported, while most cases happened before 2011 and remarkable improvement thereafter. • 11 Handymax were lost, representing 20.8% of the total without clear pattern of improvement through the years. • Supramax suffered 8 ship losses, taking 15.1% of the total, with 5 losses related to suspected cargo failure (liquefaction) and consequential loss of 85 lives. • Capesize suffered 7 ship losses, taking 13.2% of the total. • Panamax showed least number of total losses, representing 9.4% of the total. • In terms of annual ship losses, after peaking in 2011, reduction of ship losses was observed. 1 This document provides information on casualty data related to bulk carriers above 10,000 dwt. INTERCARGO’s classification of ship casualties follows the same principles used in IMO’s classification on GISIS. The assumed definitions of vessel sizes used in this report serve its purposes for continuity and easier comparison with past reports. 2 Analysis of causes in terms of ship sizes 9 8 LIKELY ROOT Number 7 6 of losses 5 navigation 4 3 cargo 2 shift/liquefaction 1 0 unknown structural machinery failure REPORTED CAUSES Casualties of Handysize bulk carriers 5 6 Number LIKELY LIKELY 4 ROOT Number of losses 5 ROOT CAUSES CAUSES 3 4 of losses 3 2 navigation cargo shift / 2 liquefaction 1 machinery 1 0 failure 0 unknown cargo shift / cargo shift / grounding Unknown liquefaction liquefaction unknown REPORTED CAUSES REPORTED CAUSES Casualties of Handymax bulk carriers Casualties of Supramax bulk carriers 6 3 LIKELY Number of losses LIKELY ROOT Number of losses 5 CAUSES ROOT 2 4 CAUSES 3 1 structural 2 navigation Unknown 1 unknown 0 0 grounding REPORTED CAUSES REPORTED CAUSES Casualties of Panamax bulk carriers Casualties of Capesize bulk carriers 3 Analysis of total losses for previous ten years 2008 to 2017 53 bulk carriers over 10,000 dwt have been identified as lost, or on average 5 ships per year. 202 crewmembers have lost their lives as consequence, or on average 20 lives lost per year. 24.2 years was the average age of the bulk carriers lost. 2.77 million dwt have been lost, or on average 276,508 dwt per year. Losses by cause Reported cause Losses of life Losses of ships Likely root cause Losses of ships Cargo 101 9 Cargo failure 9 shift/liquefaction Machinery failure 1 Collision 0 4 Unknown 3 Fire/explosion 16 3 Unknown 3 Unknown 5 Collision 0 Flooding 14 8 Machinery failure 1 Weather 1 Structural 1 Machinery failure 5 Navigation 6 Grounding 10 22 Unknown 9 Weather 2 Unknown 0 Structural 0 1 Collision 1 Unknown 5 Unknown 61 6 Weather 0 Machinery failure 1 TOTAL 202 53 53 The highest loss of life has been attributed to Cargo failure (liquefaction), totalling 101 lives lost or 50.0% of total loss of life resulted from the 9 casualties. The most common reported cause of ship losses has been Grounding, totalling 22 losses or 41.5 % of total losses. Losses due to Flooding for 8 ships (15.1%) and 14 lives (6.9%) have been significant. Losses of lives resulted from 6 ships lost with Unknown causes accounted 61 lives, or 30.2% of total life losses, among them the 2 casualties in 2017 (Stellar Daisy and Emerald Star) causing 32 lives lost. 4 Losses by bulk carrier size 13.2% Capesize 41.5% Handysize 9.4% Panamax Handysize 10k-34999 dwt Handymax 35k-49999 dwt Supramax 50k-59999 dwt Panamax 60k-79999 dwt Capesize 80k+ dwt 15.1% Supramax 20.8% Handymax Losses by age Number of ship losses (Period 2008-2017) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30+ age Age bracket (years) 5 Losses by dwt Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Losses (dwt) 149,550 347,500 461,666 528,009 154,526 411,936 63,580 184,970