Missouri , Historical —From a painting by Thomas Hart Benton TublMedbu llkHlA m/Mtssom April 1951 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State.—Laws of Mis­ souri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1939, Chapter 114. OFFICERS 1950-1953 E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville, President GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville, First Vice-President RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau, Second Vice-President HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence, Third Vice-President BARTLETT BODER, St. Joseph, Fourth Vice-President RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton, Fifth Vice-President Louis J. SIECK, St. Louis, Sixth Vice-President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society ISIDOR LOEB, St. Louis WILLIAM SOUTHERN, JR., ALLEN MCREYNOLDS, Carthage Independence GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City G. L. ZWICK, St. Joseph Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1951 RALPH P. BIEBER, St. Louis HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre ARTHUR V. BURROWES, St. Joseph WILLIAM L. VANDEVENTER, LAURENCE J. KENNY, S. J., St. Louis Springfield JOSEPH H. MOORE, Charleston GEORGE H. WILLIAMS, California ISRAEL A. SMITH, Independence CHARLES L. WOODS, Rolla Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1952 JESSE W. BARRETT, St. Louis GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia CHESTER A. BRADLEY, Kansas City JAMES TODD, Moberly GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield FRANK L. MOTT, Columbia L. M. WHITE, Mexico JOSEPH PULITZER, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1953 FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon ALBERT L. REEVES, Kansas City STEPHEN B. HUNTER, Cape Girardeau E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville WALDO P. JOHNSON, Clinton R. M. THOMSON, St. Charles E. LANSING RAY, St. Louis ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The thirty-one Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the So­ ciety, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. <Jtfissouri Historical Tfeviezv Floyd Q. Shoemakery Gditor ^Volume XLiV ^Number Three *April 1951 *$&£&& The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly at 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri. Communications per­ taining to the publication should be addressed to 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri, or to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Review is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $1.00 a year. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Jefferson City, Missouri, under the act of August 24, 1912. FOUR OUTSTANDING COLLECTIONS OPEN FOR INSPECTION In addition to the largest depository of Missouri records in the world and its well-known library and reference facilities on Missouriana, the State Historical Society of Missouri has four outstanding collections open for inspection in the Society's rooms in the University of Missouri library building in Columbia. All members of the Society and their friends and the general public are invited to see these collections when they are in Columbia: THE GEORGE CALEB BINGHAM ART COLLECTION The George Caleb Bingham Art Collection is headed by "Order No. 11" or "Martial Law," Missouri's most famous historical painting. This canvas is a vivid portrayal of the cruelties of General Thomas Ewing's order depopulating a section of western Missouri during the Civil War to rid the area of bushwhackers. Other Bingham paintings in the collection include portraits of James Shannon, John Woods Harris, and Vinnie Ream Hoxie, and two genre paintings called "Watching The Cargo" or "Lighter Re­ lieving A Steamboat Aground" and "Scene on the Ohio." The Bingham Art Collection hangs in the Society's reading room. THE DANIEL R. FITZPATRICK COLLECTION The Daniel R. Fitzpatrick Collection of cartoon drawings for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch includes 1,332 original sketches by the internationally famous editorial cartoonist. The cartoons cover the period from 1917 to 1945. They are mainly in the field of Missouriana with a number relating to national and international affairs. Mr. Fitzpatrick's work, which has been displayed in one-man shows in domestic and foreign museums, has been awarded numerous prizes including the Pulitzer prize of 1926. The collection was given to the Society by Mr. Fitzpatrick. THE J. CHRISTIAN BAY COLLECTION The J. Christian Bay Collection, one of the rare selected libraries of Middle Western Americana in the United States, consists of more than 3,800 items of information fundamental in the history and literature in America's great "Middle Border." The collection is a unit of historical information on this part of the United States. Named in honor of its creator, J. Christian Bay, librarian emeritus of the John Crerar Library of Chicago and an outstanding scholar and bibliographer, the Bay Collection is housed in a special rare book room. THE THOMAS HART BENTON GALLERY The Thomas Hart Benton Gallery of historic art includes The Year of Peril series of paintings: eight historical canvases of 1942, painted by the Missouri artist, Thomas Hart Benton. Another closely associated Benton painting, entitled "The Negro Soldier" and painted at the same time as The Year of Peril series, is also on display in the Benton Gallery. The paintings were first used by the government of the United States in propa­ ganda work in the form of reproductions distributed overseas. The Year of Peril paintings were presented to the Society by the Abbott Labora­ tories and Mr. Benton presented "The Negro Soldier" canvas to the Society. Qontents Page THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 219 THE PERSONNEL OF THE 1943-1944 MISSOURI CONSTITUTIONAL CON­ VENTION. By Henry J. Schmandt 235 A SONGBAG FROM THE OzARKs' HOLLOWS AND RlDGY MOUNTAINS. By John Gould Fletcher 252 MISSOURI'S FIGHT OVER EMANCIPATION IN 1863. By Bill R. Lee... 256 THE MISSOURI READER: AMERICANS IN THE VALLEY. Part III. Edited by Ruby Matson Robins 275 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 294 Members Active in Increasing Society's Membership 294 New Members of the Historical Society 295 Missouri Cities Highest in Membership in State Historical So­ ciety of Missouri on January 1, 1951 297 National Monuments, Memorials, and Cemeteries in Missouri . 298 Society Acquires Trigg Collection 300 Simmons Diary a Gift to Society 301 Greatest in Their Lives 302 Activities of County Historical Societies 303 Anniversaries 305 Notes 306 Historical Publications 313 Obituaries 320 MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 324 Draws Like a Mustard Plaster 324 A Private "Marshall Plan" 324 The Deaf Hear Talk on School's Founder 324 The Play's the Thing 325 Was the Next Step Secession? 325 Mark Twain a Better Financier than He Knew 325 Eugene Field's Final Resting Place 326 Sequel to "Lovers Lane, St. Jo" 326 Remembrances of Colonel Rickey 327 The Burning of Danville, 1864 328 Soup's On at Father Dempsey's 329 The Old "Boston Road" 330 "The Green Bonnet Girls" 331 P. E. O. and Cottey College 332 Joseph Robidoux, the Founder of St. Joseph 333 The Traveling Sears and Roebuck 334 The Late Bill Anderson 335 (i) Contents Page When "Plunk, Plunk" Saved the Music 336 Hints on How to Become President 337 General Ashley's Grave and Memorial 338 More About Thompson Brown and the Black Hills Gold 338 Missouri Historical Data in Magazines 339 Illustrations Page MISSOURI MUSICIANS. Cover design reproduced from a painting by Thomas Hart Benton. Courtesy of Thomas Hart Benton, Mr. and Mrs. Myron Buchsbaum of New York City, the owners of the painting, the New York Times Book Review magazine, and the Associated American Artists, Inc. See "A Songbag from the Ozarks' Hollows and Ridgy Mountains," by John Gould Fletcher 252 THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY 221 MIKE FINK SHOOTING CUP OF WHISKEY OFF A FRIEND'S HEAD 221 THE POSTMASTER'S HAT WAS THE POSTOFFICE IN 1822 223 FAMOUS LECTURERS ADDRESSED MISSOURIANS IN THE 1850's 225 A STAGECOACH TRAVELING THE PLANK ROAD WEST OF HANNIBAL FROM A RARE PRINT MADE IN 1855 228 MISSOURI ENGINEER REGIMENT SAWING CHANNEL THROUGH SWAMP TO HELP U. S. TROOPS CAPTURE ISLAND NO. 10 230 BIZARRE COSTUMES AND HUNTING SHIRTS MARKED MUSTER DRILLS 232 "SHEEPSKIN AND BEESWAX." Reproduction from Ozark Folksongs, III, 153 255 GOVERNOR HAMILTON R. GAMBLE, 1861-1864 257 CHARLES D. DRAKE 269 MAP SHOWING THE APPROXIMATE BOUNDARIES OF THE FIRST FIVE COUNTIES OF MISSOURI AS DESCRIBED IN 1812 AND OF HOWARD COUNTY AS DESCRIBED IN 1816 277 E. H. PART OF NEW MADRID. SKETCHED BY CHARLES ALEXANDER LESUEUR DURING A TRIP TO MISSOURI IN 1826. THIS SKETCH WAS PHOTOGRAPHED IN 1938 BY CHARLES E. PETERSON, REGIONAL ARCHITECT WITH NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 293 GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER. Reproduced by courtesy of the George Wasington Carver Foundation 299 "THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY" BY FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER* With this issue, readers are introduced to a new section in the Review—the Society's illustrated "This Week In Missouri History" sketches. Enjoyed by Missouri newspaper readers for twenty-six years, these articles now have eye-catching pictures added. The 1951 illustrated series is of such unusual interest that we are printing the articles in the Review for members who may miss them in their local papers. Each issue will contain the six articles released during the previous quarter. "This Week In Missouri History" is the oldest and most widely circulated service of its kind in the United States. It was in February, 1925, that I wrote the first four articles and mailed copies to twenty Missouri editors. Publication of this popular free service to Missouri newspapers soon reached state­ wide proportions. In later years, research associates of the Society have com­ piled the articles under my editorship.