vol.8 ✹ Redescriptions Yearbook of Political Thought and Conceptual History ✹ ✺ ✺ RIPTIONSJÖRN LEONHARD From European Liberalism to the Languages of Liberalisms: The Semantics of Liberalism in European Comparison | WENDY BROWN Tolerance as/in Civilizational Discourse | JORIS VAN EIJNATTEN Between Practice and Principle: Dutch Ideas on Censorship and Press Freedom, 1579-1795 | THOMAS POELL Liberal Democracy versus Late Medieval Constitutionalism: Struggles over Representation in the Dutch Republic (1780-1800) | KARIN TILMANS The Dutch concept of the Citizen: From the early Middle Ages till the 21st Century | HENRIK STENIUS The Finnish Citizen: How a Translation Emasculated the Concept | TUIJA PARVIKKO Memory, History, and The Holocaust: Notes on the Problem of Representation of the Past | KIMBERLY HUTCHINGS World Politics and the Question of Progress SoPhi Redescriptions Yearbook of Political Thought and Conceptual History (formerly Finnish Yearbook of Political Thought) 2004 vol. 8 Editors Tuija Pulkkinen Kari Palonen Pasi Ihalainen Department of (editor in Chief) Department Social Sciences Department of of History and Philosophy Social Sciences University of University of and Philosophy Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University of Jyväskylä Subeditor Jouni Vauhkonen Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy University of Jyväskylä Editorial correspondence should be addressed to: Kari Palonen Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy Box 35, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland [email protected] Redescriptions is published in collaboration with the Faculties of Social Sciences and Humanities, and the Department of History, University of Jyväskylä. Redescriptions Yearbook of Political Thought and Conceptual History (formerly Finnish Yearbook of Political Thought) SoPhi | University of Jyväskylä | 2004 SoPhi 91 SoPhi publishes social sciences at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and it is located at the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy. It provides a forum for innovative studies in social policy, sociology, political science and philosophy. SoPhi publishes 10-15 titles per year, both in Finnish and in English. Manuscripts are selected for publication on the basis of expert opinion. Correspondence should be sent to SoPhi, Dept. of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Unversity of Jyväskylä, Finland, fax +358 14 2603101, email: [email protected]. Website: www.minervakustannus.fi/sophi. SoPhi is distributed world-wide by Drake International Services, Market House, Market Place, Deddington, Oxford OX15 0SE, UK, tel. (+44) 01869 338240, fax (+44) 01869 338310, e-mail: [email protected], website: www.drakeint.co.uk. In North America SoPhi is distributed by International Specialized Book Services, 5804 NE Hassalo Street, Portland, OR 97213-3644, USA, tel. 503 287 3093 or 800944 6190 (toll free), fax 503 280 8832, e-mail: [email protected], website: www.isbs.com. Visit SoPhi home page at http://www.minervakustannus.fi/sophi Visit Redescriptions home page at http://www.jyu.fi/yhtfil/redescriptions/ ISBN 952-5478-84-X Copyright © authors and SoPhi 2004 Printed at Kopijyvä Ltd., Jyväskylä 2004 CONTENTS Editorials Kari Palonen Politics of Renaming 5 Tuija Pulkkinen Liberal Tolerance, Civilization, and Progress 8 Pasi Ihalainen The Rise of Modernity in Ducth Political Thought 11 Articles Jörn Leonhard From European Liberalism to the Languages of Liberalisms: The Semantics of Liberalism in European Comparison 17 Wendy Brown Tolerance as/in Civilizational Discourse 52 Joris van Eijnatten Between Practice and Principle: Dutch Ideas on Censorship and Press Freedom, 1579-1795 85 Thomas Poell Liberal Democracy versus Late Medieval Constitutionalism Struggles over Representation in the Dutch Republic (1780-1800) 114 Karin Tilmans The Dutch concept of the Citizen: From the early Middle Ages till the 21st Century 146 Henrik Stenius The Finnish Citizen How a Translation Emasculated the Concept 172 Tuija Parvikko Memory, History, and The Holocaust Notes on the Problem of Representation of the Past 189 Kimberly Hutchings World Politics and the Question of Progress 211 Book Reviews Sia Spiliopoulou Åkermark The Rise and Fall of International Law 237 Ari Helo An Inconspicuous American Founding 248 David P. Schweikard On and beyond Taylor’s Moral Realism 254 Iain Hampsher-Monk Fighting for Politeness 262 Contributors 268 EDITORIAL THE POLITICS OF RENAMING EDESCRIPTIONS. Yearbook of Political Thought and Conceptual RHistory is the new name of the Finnish Yearbook of Political Thought. Renaming is in itself a form of rhetorical redescription which indicates both that the old name has given rise to misleading associations and that a new page in history has been turned. The renaming of the Yearbook is a move that corresponds to the trends in current academic politics. As national traditions are dissolving, the relationships between intellectual centres and peripheries are tending to increasingly underlie a process of reformation, and as the old strictly discipline-bound academic journals and yearbooks are becoming stagnant, new types of names are becoming increasingly necessary. The Yearbook has a record that surpasses the intention of it’s founders that it serve as a modest and rather amateurish enterprise. Throughout its seven volumes, the Yearbook has developed an intellectual profile of its own and manifested a high academic quality. World-famous political theorists, historians and philosophers have contributed to the seven volumes, including Reinhart Koselleck, Quentin Skinner, Adriana Cavarero, Janet Coleman, Terence Ball, Frank Ankersmit and Patricia Springborg. Similarly, the Yearbook has published contributions by first-rank younger scholars, such as Simona Forti, Mark Bevir and Hubertus Buchstein. Leading Finnish 5 EDITORIAL scholars in political thought, philosophy and intellectual history have also contributed to the Yearbook. The Yearbook has brought studies from the Finnish project on conceptual history and other discussions on Finnish history, politics and philosophy to an international audience. The further professionalisation and internationalisation of the Yearbook is a goal we intend to achieve. The third editorial team renamed the Yearbook and added a subtitle indicating the thematic profile. A formalised reviewing process, a website (http://www.jyu.fi/ yhtfil/redescriptions), the possibility to easily order back issues and the introduction of an electronic version of the journal have been established. From Volume 9 onwards, the participation of Lisa Disch (University of Minnesota, USA) and Hubertus Buchstein (University of Greifswald, Germany) on the editorial team will accentuate the Yearbook’s international ambitions. Redescription refers to a rhetorical move. In terms of classical rhetoric, redescription alludes to a group of moves that alter a concept in one sense or another.Following Quentin Skinner we can discern four aspects of redescription, namely reconceptualisation (revision of meaning), renaming (name change), re-weighing (shifting significance) and re-evaluation (alteration of the normative colour). One of the main sources of rhetorical redescription is the scheme of paradiastole, which refers either to the de- or revaluation of the normative tone or to the increasing or decreasing significance of the concept in question. In a broader sense, the point of both renaming and reconceptualising can lie precisely in the corresponding changes that increase or decrease the acceptability of the concept. The political use of concepts is typically controversial and contested, and includes the omnipresence of redescriptions of concepts. Accepting this condition of the understanding of political thought and conceptual change requires paying special attention to the moves of redescription involved in the study of political thought and conceptual history. The presentation of a description already poses a challenge for its revision, or redescription, although it is impossible to tell in advance the exact point that the redescription will mark or all the levels of significance it can be given afterwards. The name Redescriptions refers to the need to analyse in microscopic detail the rhetorical dimension of conceptual changes. The concept of 6 POLITICS OF RENAMING “conceptual history” that is included in the subtitle alludes to the key role of concepts as “pivots”, as Reinhart Koselleck puts it, around which the political controversies rotate. In a broader sense, conceptual history also refers to an increasing interdisciplinary research programme, which has resulted in impressive monographic studies around single concepts or conceptual controversies, as well as in noteworthy lexical projects. Studies representing of all these types have also been published in the Yearbook. The growing international interest in conceptual history also alludes to a close co-operation with the History of Political and Social Concepts Group, founded in 1998. The Yearbook has provided a major forum of publication for papers presented at the annual conferences of the group, and the addition of conceptual history to the subtitle indicates a direction of interest. The Yearbook welcomes original scholarly contributions on any aspect of political thought regardless of the academic discipline to which the author belongs. Articles paying specific attention to the changing and contested character of concepts are particularly welcome. The increasing role of Finnish scholars in new academic subfields