DYNAMIC CORRECTION OF POSTURAL KYPHOSIS A Major Qualifying Project Report: Submitted to the Faculty Of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Kirsten M. Herchenroder, Mechanical Engineering Spenser J. Martin, Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Connor A. Mastropoll, Mechanical Engineering Maria Manuela Perez Luna, Mechanical Engineering Silvio Torres Betancur, Biomedical Engineering Date: 04/26/2018 Prof. Gregory Fischer, Major Advisor Prof Tiffiny Butler, Co-Advisor Prof. Loris Fichera, Co-Advisor 1. Assistive Device 2. Posture 3. Kyphosis Table of Contents Table of Contents .........................................................................................................................................ii Authorship .................................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... v Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. viii 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 So, Why is Posture Important? ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Postural Kyphosis .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Ways to Correct Postural Kyphosis ............................................................................................. 11 2.4 Monitoring and Creating Movement .......................................................................................... 15 3.0 Project Strategy ............................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Design Specifications .................................................................................................................. 19 3.2 Initial Client Statement ............................................................................................................... 20 3.3 Revised Client Statement ............................................................................................................ 20 3.4 Project Approach ........................................................................................................................ 20 4.0 Design .............................................................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Review of Existing Designs .......................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Motion Analysis of the Shoulder Complex ................................................................................. 28 4.3 Preliminary Designs..................................................................................................................... 33 4.4 Modeling ..................................................................................................................................... 36 5.0 Selection of Final Design ................................................................................................................. 38 5.1 Decision Matrix Criteria .............................................................................................................. 38 5.2 Results from Decision Matrices .................................................................................................. 40 5.3 Materials and Cost ...................................................................................................................... 40 5.4 CAD Models ................................................................................................................................. 41 5.5 Manufacturing Process ............................................................................................................... 45 5.6 User Safety .................................................................................................................................. 53 II 5.7 Standards and Regulations ......................................................................................................... 54 6.0 Design Validation ............................................................................................................................ 55 6.1 Survey .......................................................................................................................................... 55 6.2 Video Analysis Software .............................................................................................................. 55 6.3 Software Testing ......................................................................................................................... 55 7.0 Results and Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 57 7.1 Video Analysis Software .............................................................................................................. 57 7.2 Feedback Survey ......................................................................................................................... 58 7.3 Final Design ................................................................................................................................. 59 8.0 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................ 61 8.1 Device Analysis and Review ........................................................................................................ 61 8.2 Overall Impact ............................................................................................................................. 62 9.0 Recommendations and Future Work .............................................................................................. 65 9.1 Long-Term Testing ...................................................................................................................... 65 9.2 Short-Term Testing ..................................................................................................................... 65 9.3 Different Size Options ................................................................................................................. 65 9.4 User Experience .......................................................................................................................... 66 10.0 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 67 Appendix ................................................................................................................................................... 72 III Authorship Silvio Torres Betancur Worcester Polytechnic Institute B.S. Biomedical Engineering 2018 Contributions to report: Abstract, Introduction, Background, Posture, Revised Client Statement, Project Approach, Study/ Experiments Spenser Martin Worcester Polytechnic Institute B.S. Biomedical Engineering 2018 B.S. Mechanical Engineering 2018 Contributions to report: Abstract, Postural Kyphosis, Initial Client Statement, Revised Client Statement Project Approach, Testing Procedure, Design Validation, Recommendations Kirsten Herchenroder Worcester Polytechnic Institute B.S. Mechanical Engineering 2018 Contributions to report: Abstract, Introduction, Ways to Correct Postural Kyphosis, Project Approach, Review of Existing Designs, Modeling, Construction Shoulder Pads, Construction Vest. Connor Mastropoll Worcester Polytechnic Institute B.S. Mechanical Engineering 2018 Contributions to report: Ways to Correct Postural Kyphosis, Devices to Use, Project Approach, Feasibility of Designs, Materials and Cost, Coding, Assembly, Recommendations/Future Research Maria Manuela Perez Luna Worcester Polytechnic Institute B.S. Mechanical Engineering 2018 Contributions to report: Introduction, Postural Kyphosis, Objectives and Constraints, Preliminary Designs, Motion Analysis of the Shoulder Complex, Design Validation, Discussion User Guide, Recommendations/Future Research. IV Acknowledgements We would like to thank our advisors Gregory Fischer, Tiffiny Butler, and Loris Fichera as well as Erica Stults and Chris Nycz for all your advisement, technical help, and guidance throughout this project. We would also like to thank the AIM labs, Higgins Shops, and Rapid Prototyping Labs Higgins for permission for the use of equipment, access to facilities. V Abstract Many American adults in today's society spend extended periods of time hunched over a computer or phone.