Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1973 Implications of Photogeologic Linears in the South Long Lake Area, Alpena and Presque Isle Counties, Michigan Richard E. Kimmel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, and the Hydrology Commons Recommended Citation Kimmel, Richard E., "Implications of Photogeologic Linears in the South Long Lake Area, Alpena and Presque Isle Counties, Michigan" (1973). Master's Theses. 615. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/615 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IMPLICATIONS OF PHOTOGEOLOGIC LINEARS IN THE SOUTH LONG LAKE AREA, ALPENA AND PRESQUE ISLE COUNTIES, MICHIGAN by Richard E. Kimmel A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 1973 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. IMPLICATIONS OF PHOTOGEOLOGIC LINEARS IN THE SOUTH LONG LAKE AREA, ALPENA AND PRESQUE ISLE COUNTIES, MICHIGAN Richard Elmer Kimmel, M. A. Western Michigan University, 1973 There are numerous linear features in Alpena and Presque Isle Counties, Michigan, which are generally visible on aerial photographs. These photolinears trend in two general directions, northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast. These two sets are perpendicular to each other, and represent vector means of two fracture sets. The development of the photolinears began in Early Devonian. Throughout its history, ground water flowed along underground channels connecting fracture intersections. This underground drainage network is responsible for many of the photolinears. Some of the photolinears can be attributed tb Early Devonian ground water activity and subsequent collapse of the Salina Salt basin, and some are attributable to more re­ cent ground water activity. Some photolinears are the result of differential erosional resistance between different beds of rock, or the result of progressive stages of Pleistocene lakes. with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. 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I I MASTERS THESIS M-480M- KIMMEL, Richard Elmer IMPLICATIONS OF PH0T06E0L0GIC LINEARS IN THE SOUTH LONG LAKE AREA, ALPENA AND PRESQUE ISLE COUNTIES, MICHIGAN. Western Michigan University, M.A., 1973 Geology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Arm Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS chapter page Acknowledgements vii I. Introduction ........................................................................... 1 Geographic Location of the Area ...................................... 1 Geologic Position of Traverse G ro u p .............................. 4 Scope of Investigation ........................................................... 4 Previous W ork .................................................................... 5 I I. Stratigraphy ............................................................................ 9 Definition of the Traverse Group ...................................... 9 Descriptive Stratigraphy ................................................... 11 Bell Shale .................................................................... 11 Rockport Quarry Lim estone .................................. 12 Ferron Point Formation .......................................... 14 Genshaw F o rm a tio n ............................................... 15 Newton Creek Lim estone ...................................... 21 Alpena Limestone . .......................................... 23 Fourmile Dam Form ation ...................................... 24 Norway Point F o rm a tio n ............................................25 Potter Farm Form ation ................................................ 26 Thunder Bay Limestone .......................................... 27 Squaw B3y Limestone ...............................................27 Surface formations ................................................... 28 III. Photolinears ...................................................................................32 Definitions and Descriptions of Linears ............................... 32 Methods of S t u d y .................................................................33 Statistical Analysis ........................................................... 38 Photolinears of the South Long Lake A re a ...........................49 Opechee and Little Opechee Lines ............................... 50 Killians L i n e ........................................................... 51 Three Lakes Line ....................................................... 51 Mindock L in e ........................................................... 55 Algonquin L i n e .............................................................56 Dagett Line ..................................................................... 57 Bolton Line.....................................................................58 Cathro Line .....................................................................59 Weide L in e.....................................................................59 Other photolinears ........................................................ 60 — i i — Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) chapter page Origins of P h o to lin e ars .......................................... 61 Significance of Photolinears ...................................... 66 IV . Ground Water and Karst F e a tu re s .......................................... 68 Surface Drainage ............................................................... 68 Karst Features of Alpena and Presque Isle Counties . 69 Sinkholes ................................................................... 69 Devil's Lake ............................................................... 73 Rainy L a k e ............................................................... 74 Sunken Lake—Mystery V a lle y .................................. 75 Summary of Karst Features .............................................. 76 V. Conclusions ................................................................................ 78 Suggested Future W o r k .................................................. 79 References C ite d ....................................................................... 81 Appendix i ................................................................................ 85 Appendix i i................................................................................ 90 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS figure page 1. Location of study a r e a ............................................................................. 2 2. Bedrock geology of the South Long Lake area, M ich ig an ...................... 3 3. Stratigraphic column of the Traverse Group of Alpena and . Presque Isle Counties, Michigan ...............................................................