CONTENTS PACE PREFACE vii INTRODUCTION. The American Pattern V. F. Calverton r I. RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS The Ten Command­ ments . ' 15 The Sermon on the Mount .... 17 The Code of Ham­ murabi ..... 25 Selections from the Koran 27 On Government Confucius 33 On Co-operation . Lao Tse 38 II. GREEK THEORIES Philosophers as Kings and Kings as Philoso­ phers Plato 41 On Property . Aristotle 47 III. MEDIEVAL CONCEPTIONS On the Law of Heaven and Earth . St. Augustine 63 IV. THE ADVANCE OF MODERN SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT Selections from Sci- enza Nuava . Giambattista Vico 73 The Art of War Niccolo Machiavelli 94 Selections from Two Treatises on Civil Government . John Loc\e 100 xv http://d-nb.info/988134683 xvi CONTENTS Of the Natural Con­ dition of Mankind . Thomas Hobbes Selections from The Social Contract . Jean Jacques Rousseau Of Monarchy and Hereditary Succes­ sion Thomas Paine Of Laws in Relation to the Nature of the Climate ....Baron de Montesquieu Division of Labor Adam Smith V. SOCIOLOGY COMES OF AGE An Essay on the Principle of Popula­ tion T. R. Malthus 221 The Authority of So­ ciety Over the Indi­ vidual John Stuart Mill 237 The Action of Posi­ tivism upon the Working Classes Auguste Comte 259 Political Economy and Utopian Social­ ism Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 274 Selections from The State Michael Ba\unin 281 Natural Selection; or the Survival of the Fittest Charles Darwin 284 Influence of Physical Laws Henry Thomas Buckle 307 The Communist Manifesto Karl Marx and Friederich Engels 339 VI. SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL CONFLICT Division of Labor and Social Solidar­ ity Emile Dur\heim CONTENTS XVII PAGE • Selections from The Outline of Sociol­ ogy Ludwig Gumplowicz 386 The Tendency of the Development of the State . Franz Oppenheimer 395 Class Society and the State Nicolai Lenin 404 What Is the Perma­ nent Revolution? Leon Trotsky 421 On the Expropriation of the Capitalists Waclaw Machajaski 427 The Collectivist Wages System Peter Kropotkin 437 Personality and the Conception of the State Adolph Hitler 454 The Fascist State and the Future Benito Mussolini 458 VII. SOCIOLOGY AND CULTURE The Sociological View of Ethics . Herbert Spencer 489 The Spirit of Capi­ talism .... Max Weber 506 Proletariat and Re­ ligion and National­ ism Werner Sombart 532 Sociology as a Sci­ ence Vilfredo Pareto 538 Intellectual Egalitari- anism Lester Ward 546 Selections from Fol\- / ways William Graham Sumner 568 Conspicuous Con­ sumption .... Thorsten Veblen 584 The Scientific Scru- . tiny of Societal Facts F. H. Gtddings 610 The Economics of Genius . J. M. Robertson 624 XV111 CONTENTS PAGE VIII. CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS Liberal The Development of Sociology .... Harry Elmer Barnes 661 Classes of Social In­ terest R. M. Maclver 681 The Cultural Ap- Malcom M. Willey and proach to Sociology Meluille S. Hers\ovits 692 The Mitigation of Class Struggle Edward A. Ross . 702 The Hypothesis of Cultural Lag William Fielding Ogburn 719 Art, Science, and So- • ciology C. H. Cooley 725 Mental Patterns in Relation to Culture . Wilson D. Wallis 730 Renascent Liberalism John Dewey 735 Law as a Social Sci­ ence Huntington Cairns 748 The Idol of the Laboratory Graham Wallas 764 Anglo-Saxonism and Nordicism in Amer­ ica F. H. Han\ins 775 Radical A Planned Society— Communist Version . John Strachey 785 Technocracy . Stuart Chase 807 Marxian Philosophy Max Eastman 833 The Scope of Marx­ ian Theory . , . Sidney Hoo\ 851 Sociological Criticism of Literature . V. F. Calverton 861 Masters — Old and New Max Nomad 882 The Applications of ' Engineering Methods to Finance . C. H. Douglas 894 BIOGRAPHIES •: 905 .