EVALUATION STUDY OF VARIOUS INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY THE ST & SC DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT DURING LAST FIVE YEARS (2008-2013) AND ITS OUTCOME AND APPROPRIATENESS FINAL REPORT Submitted to SCSTRTI, Government of Odisha Submitted by CTRAN Consulting Ltd. A1-A2, 3RD FLOOR, LEWIS PLAZA Lewis Road, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-14, Odisha Evaluation Study of Various Income Generating Activities Undertaken by the ST & SC Development Department During Last Five Years (2008-2013) & Its Outcome and Appropriateness (FINAL REPORT) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI) Bhubaneswar Government of Odisha 2 Acknowledgements For Extending Financial Assistance and Administrative Support Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), Government of India ST & SC Development, Minorities and Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of Odisha For Extending Guidance and Directions Mr. Santosh Kumar Sarangi, Commissioner-cum-Secretary, ST &SC Development, Minorities and Backward Classes Welfare Department, Govt. of Odisha For Providing Data Project Administrators, ITDA, Bonai, Baripada, Nawarangpur, Thuamul Rampur, Baliguda, Parlakhemundi, Malkangiri, Nilgiri, Jeypore Special Officers, Micro Project, PBDA, Lahunipada, HKMDA, Jashipur, CBDA, Komna, KKDA, Tumudibandh, DKDA, Muniguda, BDA, Mudulipada Block Development Officers & Welfare Extension Officers, MADA, Dhankauda, Boden, Kashinagar, Jaleswar For Extending Research and Library Suppor Mr. Bigyananda Mohanty, Dy. Director, SCSTRTI Mrs. Arati Mall, Dy. Director, SCSTRTI Mr. Mohit Kumar Samantaray, Librarian, SCSTRTI For Extending Secretarial Assistance Mr. S. K. Mohapatra, AD(Stat.), SCSTRTI Mr. Kamraj Acharaya, Jr. Clerk, SCSTRTI For Technical Support CTRAN Consulting Ltd. Prof. (Dr.) A.B. Ota, IAS Director, SCSTRTI 3 Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 7 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER I .................................................................................................................................. 17 Background, Approach and Methodology .................................................................................... 17 1.1 Background: ................................................................................................................... 17 1.2 Strategy for Tribal Development-The TSP Approach: .................................................. 20 1.3 Special Central Assistance (SCA) to Tribal Sub-Plan: .................................................. 20 1.4 Review of Literature: ..................................................................................................... 22 1.5 Objectives of the Study: ................................................................................................. 27 1.6 Evaluation Approach and Methodology: ....................................................................... 27 1.6.1 Sampling Criteria:......................................................................................................... 28 1.6.2 Study Instruments: ........................................................................................................ 30 1.6.3 Data Sources: .......................................................................................................... 30 1.7 Delimitations of the Study: ............................................................................................ 31 1.8 Organization of the Report: ............................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER II ................................................................................................................................. 33 Funds Flow and Utilisation ........................................................................................................... 33 2.1 Overview: ....................................................................................................................... 33 2.2 Funds Flow and Utilisation in ITDAs: ........................................................................... 33 2.3 Funds Flow and Utilisation in Micro Projects: .............................................................. 34 2.4 Funds Flow and Utilization in MADA Pockets: ............................................................ 35 2.5 Funds Flow and Utilization in Cluster Approach Pockets: ............................................ 36 CHAPTER III ............................................................................................................................... 37 Overview of SHGs and Members ................................................................................................. 37 3.1 Promotion of SHGs: ....................................................................................................... 37 3.2 Year of Group Formation: .............................................................................................. 38 3.3 Objectives of Group Formation: .................................................................................... 39 3.4 Group Composition: ....................................................................................................... 40 3.5 Years of Association in the Group: ................................................................................ 41 3.6 Reasons for Joining the Group: ...................................................................................... 42 3.7 Helpfulness of Present IGA: .......................................................................................... 42 3.8 Gradation of SHGs: ........................................................................................................ 43 CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................................... 45 Financial Support System and Income Generation ....................................................................... 45 4.1 IGA Selection Process:................................................................................................... 45 4.2 Functional Status of IGAs: ............................................................................................. 46 4.3 IGA and its Typology:.................................................................................................... 47 4.4 Group & Individual IGA: ............................................................................................... 49 4.5 Seasonality of IGA: ........................................................................................................ 50 4.6 Own Capital Investment: ................................................................................................ 51 4.7 Credit Accessibility: ....................................................................................................... 52 4.8 Credit Subsidy: ............................................................................................................... 53 4.9 Cost Structure: ................................................................................................................ 54 4 4.10 Economics of IGA and Profitability of Groups: ............................................................ 55 4.11 Income and Expenditure: ............................................................................................... 58 4.11.1 Average Annual Income: ....................................................................................... 58 4.11.2 Average Annual Expenditure:............................................................................... 62 CHAPTER V ................................................................................................................................ 69 Support System and Impact of IGA .............................................................................................. 69 5.1 Skill Base of Members: .................................................................................................. 69 5.2 Capacity Building:.......................................................................................................... 69 5.2.1 Skill Development: ................................................................................................. 69 5.2.2 Refresher Training on Skill:.................................................................................... 69 5.2.3 Training on IGA Management: ............................................................................... 69 5.3 IGA Support System: ..................................................................................................... 70 5.3.1 Receipt of Grant: ..................................................................................................... 70 5.3.2 Machinery Support: ................................................................................................ 70 5.3.3 Technical Know-how: ............................................................................................. 70 5.3.4 Raw Materials/ Backend Inputs: ............................................................................. 70 5.3.5 Business Guidance: 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