ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bali Medical Journal (Bali MedJ) 2021, Volume 10, Number 2: 559-561 P-ISSN.2089-1180, E-ISSN: 2302-2914 Effect of oncom extract on the level of estrogen hormone of productive white rats Published by Bali Medical Journal Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi1*, Ni Luh Eka Setiasih2, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Trilaksana1 ABSTRACT Introduction: Oncom is a processed soybean that contains isoflavone compounds. The types of isoflavones found in soybeans and their dairy products are daidzein and genistein which have an estrogenic effect on animals’ reproductive performance. 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Reproduction, This study aimed to determine the effect of oncom extract on productive age white rats (Rattus norvegicus) estrogen levels. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Methods: This research is an experimental study with a randomized posttest control group design. We used 21 samples Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia; 2Laboratory of Veterinary Histology, divided into three groups. First group was control without being given oncom extract. The second group was given a black Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, oncom extract dose of 0.005 g/g BB. The third group was given red oncom extract of dose 0.005 g/g body weight. Serum Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia. collection for estrogen hormone level measurement was collected on day 14 after administration of oncom extract. Data then analyzed to determine the normality and homogeneity. ANOVA test was used to compare the means between groups. P<0.05 was significant. *Corresponding author: Result: We found in the control group with the lowest estrogen level mean (16.70±0.581) than the experimental groups. Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi; Laboratory of Veterinary Reproduction, The ANOVA analysis results showed that oncom extract significantly increase estrogen levels of productive age white rats Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, (p<0.05). Universitas Udayana, P.B. Sudirman Conclusion: Oncom extract can increase the estrogen level in productive age white rats. However, the estrogen levels Street, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; between red oncom and black oncom showed an insignificant difference. [email protected] Keywords: oncom, isoflavones, estrogen levels, white rats. Received: 2021-04-16 Cite This Article: Laksmi, D.N.D.I., Setiasih, N.L.E., Trilaksana, I.G.N.B. 2021. Effect of oncom extract on the level of estrogen Accepted: 2021-06-22 hormone of productive white rats. Bali Medical Journal 10(2): 559-561. DOI: 10.15562/bmj.v10i2.2504 Published: 2021-07-01 INTRODUCTION 85 and genistein 26.8-120.5 mg/100g dry widely consumed in West Java. There are weight, which have an estrogenic effect on two types of oncom, i.e., red oncom and Soybean (Glycine max) is a seasonal crop humans and animals in their reproductive black oncom. Black oncom is made from included in class Magnoliopsida, order performance.3 peanuts, while red oncom is made from Fabales, family Fabaceae, and genus The estrogenic activity of isoflavone is tofu waste. One study concluded that the Glycine. The nutrient content of soybean related to its chemical structure, similar to total estrous cycle period in a group of rats seeds is relatively high, especially its protein, diethylstilbestrol, commonly used as a drug given both black oncom and red oncom which reached ±34%, and carbohydrates 1 1 with the estrogenic property. Estrogen was longer. The estrus phase went through with 34.8%. Meanwhile, a prior study is a hormone in women that regulates a more extended period than the control stated that protein content in soybean is the menstrual cycle, fertility, menopause rats group.6 34.9% and carbohydrate is 34.8%, where and has a significant contribution to the The reproductive hormone profile soybean is an efficient vegetable protein human body. The form of estrogen in during the estrous cycle can describe the source. So, a small amount of soybean is 2 female animals are estradiol 17-β, estrone, function of the female ovarium. Therefore, needed to obtain enough protein. In a and estriol. However, the most potent and analyzing the hormone profile can indicate dry state, raw soybean contains 2-4 mg found in quite a high amount in the body the condition of the aforementioned of isoflavone/gram. Soybean contains is estradiol 17-β. The amount of estrogen female reproduction. The estrous cycle isoflavones and phytochemistry that can in the body gives a far-reaching effect to is one of the reproductive aspects that protect the body from damage caused the organs and tissues, especially to the describes changes in hormone content by free radicals, improve the immune reproductive organs, i.e., ovarium, uterus, caused by ovarian activity under the system, and fight against diseases such cervix, vulva, and vagina.4,5 gonadotropin hormone. The changes in as diabetes, kidney, anemia, rheumatic, One of the processed soybean products reproductive hormone content will cause diarrhea, hepatitis, and hypertension. The is tofu, which waste can be processed into structural changes in tissues forming the type of isoflavones found in soybean and fermented food called oncom. Oncom is a reproductive tract.4,5 its processed products are daidzein 10.5- daily Indonesian food that is popular and PublishedOpen access: by Baliwww.balimedicaljournal.org Medical Journal | Bali Medical Journal 2021; 10(2): 559-561 | doi: 10.15562/bmj.v10i2.2504 559 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Knowledge regarding reproduction Table 1. The mean value of white rats estrogen level and ANOVA test between is critical to regulating fertility. Because control and experimental groups. of that, a study investigating the role of Groups Observation type oncom extract to estrogen level needs to Control Red Oncom Black Oncom be conducted to determine the effect of RE±SE (pg/mL) 16.70±0.581a 24.51±1.255b 24.51±1.198b reproductive optimization on productive RE = Mean estrogen; SE = Standard error. age female rats. METHODS administration was performed using a reached the late estrus phase. Thus, feeding tube for 14 days consecutively. On measured hormone is confirmed to have Research Design day 14, blood serum samples were taken decreased. As in theory, the early estrus This study is an experimental study with a through the orbital vein. Blood was also phase is a phase with the highest Estradiol randomized posttest control group design. collected in a tube without EDTA. The 17-β content. This condition may occur Twenty-one white rats used in this study estrogen levels were then measured using because the determination of the phase were divided into three groups, and each the ELISA Elabscience® method. that constitutes the estrous cycle was group consisted of 7 rats, i.e., the control performed by observing the results of group, black oncom treatment group, and Data collecting and analysis the vaginal smear. The differences in red oncom treatment group. Data normality and homogeneity test vaginal smear results are due to hormonal were performed first. Afterward, ANOVA regulation, which cause the changes Animal Model and least significant difference (LSD) to occur after changes in hormonal The animal model used in this study tests were performed to determine which content.9–11 were 4-month-old females, white Wistar groups showed a significant difference. Estrogenic material is expected to rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing ± 300 P-value <0.05 showed significant value. increase the estrogen level in the blood. gram. We got the white rats from Balai Increased estrogen in the blood causes Besar Veteriner (BBVet). The rats were RESULTS the pituitary to reduce the production previously acclimated for 14 days. The of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) The control group had the lowest mean acclimation was in a cage with a wire lid, and increase the release of luteinizing estrogen level (16.70±0.581); meanwhile and the base was covered in husks. Food hormones (LH) and luteotropic hormone the experimental group red oncom and and drink were given ad libitum. After the (LTH). FSH production that peaked and black oncom had similar mean 24.51±1.255 adaptation process for 14 days, the study was accompanied by increased LH caused and 24.51±1.198, respectively. This study was conducted according to the research the follicle to reach the final phase of its showed that the group treated with oncom design. This study was performed in the growth and rupture. The primary function could increase estrogen level significantly Department of Veterinary Reproduction, of estrogen is to induce cell proliferation compared to the control group. Meanwhile, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and the growth of sex organ tissues and the estrogen level between the red oncom Universitas Udayana and Balai Besar other tissues related to reproduction. group and black oncom group showed an Veteriner (BBVet). The concentration of estrogen nearing insignificant difference (p>0.05) (Table 1). ovulation reached the highest level in the The numbers followed by different Production of Oncom Extract body and acts to suppress the production letters in the same row showed a significant The blackoncom were obtained from of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and difference (p<0.05). Meanwhile, numbers Pasir Reungit oncom factory, Sumedang, induce the release of luteinizing hormone followed by the same letters in the same meanwhile red oncom were obtained from (LH); thus, ovulation occurs.4,5 row showed an insignificant difference Pasar Anyar, Bogor. Each oncom were However, high estrogen content in (p>0.05). air-dried. Afterward, black oncom were the blood can inhibit hypophysis in smoothened using the blender. Oncom in DISCUSSION secreting gonadotropin hormone (FSH) flour form then macerated using ethanol through negative feedback; thus, FSH for 48 hours. The results of ethanol The content of Estradiol 17-β along the level decreased and cause delayed follicle maceration were then filtered using estrous cycle showed changes along with growth in the ovarium.