MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT MAY 2014 Submitted By: Commander,, United States Pacific Fleet Department of the Navy 250 Makalapa Drive Pearl Harbor,, Hawaii 96860-3131 Mariana Islands Training and Testing Final Report Essential Fish Habitat Assessment LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS µPa micropascal(s) EIS Environmental Impact Statement μPa2-s micropascal squared second EMATT Expendable Mobile ASW Training Target A-A Air-to-Air EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal AAV Amphibious Assault Vehicle EW Electronic Warfare A-S Air-to-Surface EW OPS Electronic Warfare Operations AAW Anti-Air Warfare EXTORP Exercise Torpedo ac. acre(s) F Fahrenheit ACM Air Combat Maneuver FDM Farallon de Medinilla ADEX Air Defense Exercise FEP Fishery Ecosystem Plan AG airgun FFG Frigate AIC Air Intercept Control FIREX Fire Support Exercise ALMDS Airborne Laser Mine Detection System FLAREX Flare Exercise AMNS Airborne Mine Neutralization System fm fathom(s) AMW Amphibious Warfare FMC Fishery Management Council AS submarine tender FMP Fishery Management Plan ASUW Anti-Surface Warfare F.R. Federal Register ASW Anti-Submarine Warfare ft. foot/feet 2 BaCrO4 barium chromate ft. square foot/feet BAMS Broad Area Maritime Surveillance G gauss BMUS Bottomfish Management Unit Species GUNEX Gunnery Exercise BOMBEX Bombing Exercise h depth C Celsius ha hectare(s) C.F.R. Code of Federal Regulations HAPC Habitat Area of Particular Concern CG cruiser HF High-Frequency CHAFFEX Chaff Exercise Hg(CNO)2 Fulminate of Mercury CHCRT Currently Harvested Coral Reef Taxa HRC Hawaii Range Complex cm centimeter(s) Hz Hertz CMUS Crustacean Management Unit Species IEER Improved Extended Echo Ranging CNMI Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands IMPASS Integrated Maritime Portable Acoustic Scoring COMNAVMAR Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and Simulation CRE Coral Reef Ecosystems in. inch(es) CRRC Combat Rubber Raiding Craft in.3 cubic inch(es) CSAR Combat Search and Rescue ISR Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance CVN aircraft carrier ISTT Improved Surface Tow Target dB decibel(s) kg kilogram(s) dBA decibel(s), A-weighted kHz kilohertz DDG destroyer km kilometer(s) DICASS Directional Command Activated Sonobuoy lb. pound(s) DS Doppler Sonar LCAC Landing Craft Air Cushion DVLA Distributed Vertical Line Array LCM Landing Craft, Mechanized DWADS Deep Water Active Distributed System LCS Littoral Combat Ship E East LCU Landing Craft, Utility EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone LF Low-Frequency EFH Essential Fish Habitat LHA amphibious assault ship i Mariana Islands Training and Testing Final Report Essential Fish Habitat Assessment LHD amphibious assault ship PUTR Portable Underwater Tracking Range LPD amphibious transport dock R radius LSD dock landing ship r0 charge radius m meter(s) RDX Royal Demolition Explosive m2 square meter(s) re referenced to m3 cubic meter(s) REXTORP Recoverable Exercise Torpedo MAC Multistatic Active Coherent RHIB Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat MCM Mine Countermeasure Exercise RMMV Remote Multi-Mission Vehicle MF Mid-Frequency RMS Remote Minehunting System mg/L milligrams per liter ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle mi. mile(s) S South MIRC Mariana Islands Range Complex S-A Surface-to-Air MISSILEX Missile Exercise SCUBA Self-Contained Underwater Breathing MITT Mariana Islands Training and Testing Apparatus MIW Mine Warfare SD Swimmer Detection sonar mm millimeter(s) SDST Ship Deployable Seaborne Target MPA Maritime Patrol Aircraft SINKEX Sinking Exercise MSA Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation SMCMEX Mine Countermeasure Exercise – Surface and Management Act SOP standard operating procedure MSO Maritime Security Operations SPL Sound Pressure Level MUS Management Unit Species S-S Surface-to-Surface N North SSBN fleet ballistic missile submarine n/a not applicable SSGN guided missile submarine Navy United States Department of the Navy SSN attack submarine NEPM Non-Explosive Practice Munitions Study Area MITT Study Area NEW Net Explosive Weight STW Strike Warfare nm nautical mile(s) SUA Special Use Airspace nm2 square nautical mile(s) SWATH Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service TACP Tactical Air Control Party NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric TNT trinitrotoluene Administration TORP Torpedoes NSW Naval Special Warfare TORPEX Torpedo Exercise nV nanovolt(s) TRACKEX Tracking Exercise OASIS Organic Airborne and Surface Influence Sweep TTS temporary threshold shift OEIS Overseas Environmental Impact Statement UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle OPAREA Operating Area UAV OPS UAV Operations oz. ounce(s) UISS Unmanned Influence Sweep System Pb(N3)2 lead azide UNDET Underwater Detonation PbO lead (II) oxide U.S. United States PC Patrol Coastal Ship U.S.C. United States Code PCB polychlorinated biphenyl VHF Very High Frequency PHCRT Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa W West PMUS Pelagic Management Unit Species WPRFMC Western Pacific Regional Fishery PRIA U.S. Pacific Remote Island Areas Management Council psu Practical Salinity Unit yd. yard(s) PTS permanent threshold shift YP Yard Patrol Craft ii Mariana Islands Training and Testing Final Report Essential Fish Habitat Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................1-1 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION AND THE ACTION AREA ................................................................2-1 2.1 SUMMARY OF THE MARIANA ISLANDS TRAINING AND TESTING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PROPOSED ACTION ANALYZED IN THE ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT ASSESSMENT ..2-1 2.2 DESCRIPTION OF SONAR, ORDNANCE, TARGETS, AND OTHER SYSTEMS ....................................................2-7 2.2.1 SONAR AND OTHER ACTIVE ACOUSTIC SOURCES ...................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.2 ORDNANCE/MUNITIONS ..................................................................................................................... 2-8 2.2.3 MILITARY EXPENDED MATERIALS .......................................................................................................... 2-9 2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF NON-IMPULSE AND IMPULSE SOURCES ANALYZED .....................................................2-9 2.3.1 SOURCE CLASSES ANALYZED FOR TRAINING AND TESTING ACTIVITIES ........................................................ 2-10 2.3.2 SUMMARY OF NON-IMPULSE AND IMPULSE SOURCES ............................................................................ 2-12 2.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION AREA ............................................................................................... 2-13 2.5 OVERVIEW OF THE STRESSORS ANALYZED FOR EFFECTS DETERMINATIONS .............................................. 2-18 3 ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT ...........................................................................................................3-1 3.1 WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL .............................................................3-2 3.1.1 BOTTOMFISH MANAGEMENT UNIT ....................................................................................................... 3-4 3.1.1.1 Description and Identification of Essential Fish Habitat ............................................................. 3-4 3.1.1.2 Habitat Areas of Particular Concern ........................................................................................... 3-8 3.1.1.3 Figures and Maps ........................................................................................................................ 3-8 3.1.2 CRUSTACEANS MANAGEMENT UNIT .................................................................................................... 3-13 3.1.2.1 Description and Identification of Essential Fish Habitat ........................................................... 3-13 3.1.2.2 Habitat Areas of Particular Concern ......................................................................................... 3-13 3.1.2.3 Figures and Maps ...................................................................................................................... 3-13 3.1.3 CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT UNIT .................................................................................... 3-18 3.1.3.1 Currently Harvested Coral Reef Taxa Complex ......................................................................... 3-18 3.1.3.2 Figures and Maps ...................................................................................................................... 3-18 3.1.3.3 Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa Complex ....................................................................... 3-29 3.1.4 PELAGIC MANAGEMENT UNIT ............................................................................................................ 3-31 3.1.4.1 Description and Identification of Essential Fish Habitat ........................................................... 3-31 3.1.4.2 Habitat Areas of Particular Concern ......................................................................................... 3-34 3.1.4.3 Figures and Maps ...................................................................................................................... 3-34 3.2 DESCRIPTION OF HABITATS ......................................................................................................... 3-36 3.2.1 WATER COLUMN .............................................................................................................................