THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY SCHOOLS IN FAMILY FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES: CASE STUDY OF THE WUTZKYALLEE EDUCATIONAL MILE IN BERLIN, GERMANY By BRITTANEY ROSS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 Brittaney Ross 2 To my Mom, Aunt Cassandra, and Grandparents Helen and WL Ross 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my mother, aunt Cassandra and Grandparents for their love and support over the course of my academic career. I also thank my advisor Dr. Ruth Steiner, co- chair Dr. Richard Schneider, and NEURUS advisor Dr. Christopher Silver for their guidance and faith throughout this process. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 11 Scope of the Work .................................................................................................. 11 Research Problem ............................................................................................ 14 Glimpse at the Theoretical Framework Relative to the Case Study ................. 17 Research Objectives ............................................................................................... 18 Summary ................................................................................................................ 19 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................................................................ 20 Conceptual Background: Family Friendly Planning ................................................ 21 Convention on the Rights of the Child .............................................................. 21 Livable Communities Movement ...................................................................... 22 Traditional Tools for Child and Family Friendly Planning ................................. 23 Participation in the planning process ......................................................... 23 Comprehensive planning ........................................................................... 24 Urban design .............................................................................................. 26 Summary .......................................................................................................... 26 Theoretical Background: Social Capital .................................................................. 28 Role of Social Structures in Building Social Capital .......................................... 29 Spaces and Institutions for Bridging Social Capital .......................................... 32 Role of Planning in Bridging and Bonding Social Capital ........................................ 35 Advent of Schools as Community Centers ....................................................... 37 Utilizing Community Schools in Family Friendly pPanning ............................... 38 Smart Growth ................................................................................................... 39 Smart Schools for Smart Cities ........................................................................ 41 Coalition for Community Schools Approach ..................................................... 45 Summary ................................................................................................................ 48 3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 50 Study Approach ...................................................................................................... 50 The Choice of the Case Study ................................................................................ 51 Data ........................................................................................................................ 52 5 Limitations ............................................................................................................... 52 Summary ................................................................................................................ 53 4 CASE STUDY ......................................................................................................... 54 Social Development in the Districts of Berlin, Germany .......................................... 55 Social Urban Development Interventions ................................................................ 57 Social Integrative City: Integrative Action Plan ................................................. 58 Neighborhood Management: Program Implementation .................................... 59 Key Target Groups and Areas .......................................................................... 60 History of the Wutzkyallee Educational Mile, Gropiusstadt Berlin Germany ........... 61 Gropiusstadt, Berlin Germany Overview ................................................................. 61 Demographics .................................................................................................. 62 Gropiusstadt Neighborhood Management ........................................................ 63 Vision................................................................................................................ 64 Forming the Wutzkyallee Educational Mile ............................................................. 65 Organizational Structure ................................................................................... 66 Community Partnerships .................................................................................. 67 Goals and Objectives ....................................................................................... 68 Urban design features ...................................................................................... 69 Shared Community Use Features .................................................................... 70 Joint use..................................................................................................... 70 Co-location ................................................................................................. 71 Summary ................................................................................................................ 73 5 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................... 95 Summary and Analysis of Case Study .................................................................... 95 What is it About Child Family Friendly Communities that Warrants the Need for Social Capital Development and How Can Community Schools Fulfill This Role? ................................................................................................................... 96 How do the Characteristics of Community Schools Differ from Public Schools? .... 97 How do the Characteristics of Community Schools, Historically and Presently, Position this Practice as a Key Element in the Development of Family Friendly Communities and Social Capital? ........................................................................ 98 In What Manner has the Wutzkyallee Educational Mile Fulfilled the Role of Community Schools in the Service Provided to the Gropiusstadt Neighborhood Management Area of Berlin, Germany? ..................................... 100 6 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 104 Summary Case Study Observations ..................................................................... 105 Recommendations for Future Research ............................................................... 108 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 110 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 116 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 4-1 List of 2008 activities organized by Gropiusstadt Neighborhood Management and Wutzkyallee Educational Mile Partners ....................................................... 76 4-2 List of 2009 activities organized by Gropiusstadt Neighborhood Management and Wutzkyallee Educational Mile Partners ....................................................... 77 4-3 List of 2010 activities organized by Gropiusstadt Neighborhood Management and Wutzkyallee Educational Mile Partners ....................................................... 78 4-4 List of 2011 activities organized by Gropiusstadt Neighborhood Management and Wutzkyallee Educational Mile Partners ....................................................... 79 4-5 List of 2012 activities organized by Gropiusstadt Neighborhood Management and Wutzkyallee Educational Mile Partners ....................................................... 80 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 4-1 Separation of East and West Berlin .................................................................... 81 4-2 Conclaves of Immigrant Settlements .................................................................