Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2016 EDITOR Joris Drayer D.H. Kwak Stacy Warner Bob Heere Temple University University of Michigan East Carolina University University of South Carolina Brendan Dwyer Daniel Lock Jules Woolf [email protected] Virginia Commonwealth Bournemouth University Adelphi University ASSOCIATE EDITOR University Eric MacIntosh Xiaoyan Xing Chad Seifried Andrea Eagleman Ottawa University Capital University of Physi- Louisiana State University Griffith University Kimberly Mahoney cal Education and Sport [email protected] Sheranne Fairley University of New Haven Masayuki Yoshida EDITORIAL BOARD University of Queensland Haylee Mercado Biwako Seikei Sport College Artemisia Apostolopoulou Kevin Filo University of South Carolina EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Robert Morris University Griffith University Brianna Newland Henry Wear Khalid Ballouli Damian Gallagher University of Delaware University of South Carolina University of South Carolina University of Ulster Nico Schulenkorf MANAGING EDITOR Tim Breitbarth Marion Hambrick University of Technology Matt Brann Bournemouth University University of Louisville Sydney ICE Editing Beth Cianfrone Yuhei Inoue Stephen Shapiro Georgia State University University of Minnesota Old Dominion University DESIGNER Jamie Pein Geoff Dickson Jeremy Jordan Brian Soebbing Auckland University of Temple University Temple University PUBLISHER Technology Shannon Kerwin Scott Tainsky FiT Publishing Brock University University of Illinois Sport & Entertainment Review is an electronic journal owned Subscription rates: US: $50 (individual), $200 (institution). by the University of South Carolina’s Department of Sport Back issue articles are searchable and can be downloaded at and Entertainment Management and published three times www.fitpublishing.com. a year (February, June, and October) by FiT Publishing, A Division of the International Center for Performance Ex- Advertising: A current rate card is available upon request. cellence, West Virginia University, 375 Birch Street, WVU- Contact [email protected] for details on col- CPASS, PO Box 6116, Morgantown, WV 26506-6116. or rates and deadlines. Although advertising is screened, the Phone: 304.293.6888 publisher assumes no responsibility for and will not be liable Fax: 304.293.6658 for any claims made in advertisements. Email: [email protected] Manuscript submission guidelines may be found on the in- Copyright © 2016 by West Virginia University. All rights re- side back cover of this journal or at www.fitpublishing.com. served. This publication or any part thereof may not be re- ISSN: 2372-7233 (Online) produced in any manner without written approval from the publisher. Reprint rates available upon request. The publisher MISSION STATEMENT assumes no responsibility for statements and opinions made The mission of Sport & Entertainment Review (SER) is to be- by contributors to this publication. Authorization to photo- come the outlet for the best new ideas for people creating, copy items for college coursepacks or internal/personal use leading, and transforming sport and entertainment organi- can be obtained by contacting the Copyright Clearance Cen- zations and businesses. SER seeks to be one of the world’s ter, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 (phone: leading journals on publishing cutting-edge, authoritative 978.750.8400; fax: 978.750.4470; www.copyright.com; info@ thinking on the key issues facing executives in the world of copyright.com). sport and entertainment. Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2016 CONTENTS REVIEW PAPERS Beyond Moneyball: Using Data Analytics to Improve Performance in Elite Team Sports 03 Bill Gerrard, Leeds University A Forecast for the Mainstreaming of Environmental Sustainability 11 Timothy B. Kellison, Georgia State University Brian P. McCullough, Seattle University Sport for All: Events and Facilities as Facilitators to Lifelong Sport Involvement 19 Brianna Newland, University of Delaware PRACTICE IN THE FIELD: BEYOND THE PUBLICATION The Business of Popular Music Publishing: 25 An Interview with Troy Tomlinson, CEO of Sony/ATV Nashville Armen Shaomian, University of South Carolina Our journals provide educators, researchers, students, and practitioners with leading research and growing trends in the sport and entertainment industries. Instructors and Students Gain access to leading studies at your convenience. Ask your library to subscribe to FiT’s journals. Practitioners Connect with consultants and get ideas and solutions for your sport and entertainment business by subscribing to FiT’s journals and attending our affiliates’ conferences. Researchers Ready to publish? Find out how to submit manuscripts to FiT’s journals at http://www.fitpublishing.com/journals.html ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS A Theoretical Comparison of the Economic Impact of Large and Small Events Nola Agha and Marijke Taks Estimation of Productivity Change of NBA Teams from 2006-07 to 2012-13 Seasons Plácido Moreno and Sebastián Lozano SPECIAL ISSUE: Papers from the Sixth European Sport Economics Association Conference Guest Editors’ Introduction Stefan Kesenne and Thomas Peeters Professional Cycling and the Fight Against Doping Volker Robeck Why Were Voters Against the 2022 Munich Winter Olympics in a Referendum? Dennis Coates and Pamela Wicker The Betting Market as a Forecast of Television Ratings for Primetime NFL Football Rodney J. Paul and Andrew P. Weinbach International Journal of Sport & Entertainment Sport Marketing Quarterly Sport Finance (IJSF) Review (SER) (SMQ) Editors: Arne Feddersen, Babatunde Editors: Bob Heere and Chad Seifried Editors: Daniel C. Funk and Jeffrey D. James Buraimo, Joachim Prinz, and Jane Ruseski The mission of SER is to become the outlet for SMQ aims to provide a forum for authors IJSF serves as a high-level forum of current re- the best new ideas for people creating, leading, who wish to create new knowledge and/or search on sport finance topics on a worldwide and transforming sport and entertainment or- apply existing concepts and theories in sport basis. The objective is to advance knowledge ganizations and business. SER seeks to be one marketing. To this end, SMQ is committed to of the topic area by publishing theoretical and of the world’s leading journals on publishing publishing high-quality research that advances empirical articles from both a globally diver- cutting-edge, authoritative thinking on key the study and practice of sport marketing and sified and multidisciplinary perspective. IJSF issues facing executives in the world of sport is relevant to the professional interests of the also provides a forum for the exchange of and entertainment. sport marketing community. ideas between academicians and practitioners. SER is the preferred journal of the Sport SMQ is the preferred journal of the IJSF is the official journal of the Entertainment & Venues Tomorrow Sport Marketing Association European Sport Economics Association. conference Sport & Entertainment Review, 2016, 2, 3-10, © 2016 West Virginia University Beyond Moneyball: Using Data Analytics to Improve Performance in Elite Team Sports Bill Gerrard, Leeds University What is Sports Analytics? Farhan Zaidi is a Massachusetts Institution of Technology (MIT) and University of California-Berkeley graduate who started in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a data analyst with the Oakland Athletics before being promoted to Direc- tor of Baseball Operations and then Assistant General Man- ager. His success with the A’s led to Zaidi being appointed General Manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers in November 2014. He is no exception, as more and more teams are hiring data analysts (or data scientists) to work alongside their vid- eo performance analysts and these data analysts are now be- ginning to occupy senior positions in sports organizations. Sports analytics is creating a real buzz in elite team sports these days. Industry conferences on the subject are becoming a regular event. Further, books, journals, websites, and uni- versity courses on sports analytics are now common. But what is sports analytics? Alamar (2013) provided Bill Gerrard, D.Phil., is a professor of business and sports a very comprehensive definition of sports analytics as “the analytics and the program director of the BSc Business An- management of structured historical data, the application alytics program in the Leeds University Business School. of predictive analytic models that utilize that data, and the His research focuses on the statistical analysis of perfor- use of information systems to inform decision makers and mance data within an evidence-based coaching regime in enable them to help their organizations in gaining a compet- both individual and team sports to support decisions on itive advantage on the field of play” (p. 4). My own definition talent identification, player recruitment, athletic develop- of sports analytics is the use of statistical analysis and other ment, training priorities, team selection, game tactics, and related analytical techniques to support decision making in injury management. sports organizations. Quite simply, analytics is “analysis for Correspondence should be sent to: purpose.” Analytics is driven by the imperative to produce Bill Gerrard analysis to inform managerial decisions on the best cours- Leeds University Business School es of action to improve future performance and increase University of Leeds the likelihood of successful outcomes. Although there are a Leeds LS2 9JT, UK number of applications of data analysis in both