Third JSPS Forum in France “The Universe: Origin, Evolution, Future” - Scientific Program - Friday 19 November 2004 JSPS Strasbourg Office, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg1 , France The JSPS third forum is organised by: JSPS Strasbourg Office, Université Louis Pasteur With the support of: Ministère délégué à la Recherche Conseil Général du Bas-Rhin Friday 19th November 2004 Atrium Building Campus Universitaire de l’Esplanade Organizing Committee: Michel GRANET, Jean-Marie HAMEURY, Yoichi NAKATANI, Yuriko SEKI Scientific Adviser: Patrick PETITJEAN Assistants: Marie PASCHAKI, Julien BOUISSAC Technical Assistants: ULP Multimédia Video of the forum is available on Canal U, the web-TV of French Ministry of Education and Research http://www.canal-u.education.fr/ 1 PROGRAM 1 “The Universe: Origin, Evolution, Future” Third JSPS Forum in France Friday 19th November 2004 08:30 – 09:30 Registration and Coffee 09:30 – 10:00 Opening: Welcome address Prof. Bernard CARRIERE President, Université Louis Pasteur Mr. Ryuichi SHOJI Consul General of Japan in Strasbourg Prof. Jean-Paul MONTAGNER Deputy Director of Research, Ministère de la Recherche Mr. Philippe RICHERT President, Conseil Général du Bas-Rhin Prof. Motoyuki ONO President, JSPS 10:00 – 10:50 Chairman : Prof. Jean-Luc ATTEIA, Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees “Exploring the New Frontier: Human Space flight” Prof. Chiaki MUKAI JAXA Astronaut, International Space University 10:50 – 11:10 Coffee break 11:10 – 12:00 Chairman : Prof. Tetsuichi ITO, International Space University “Fundamental physics and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations” Prof. Jean-Loup PUGET Université Paris Sud 12:00 – 12:30 Presentation of JSPS Alumni Association Prof. Marie-Claire LETT Université Louis Pasteur President of JSPS Alumini Association 12:30 – 14:30 Lunch & Poster session 2 14:30 – 15:00 Presentation of JSPS International Scientific Cooperation Ms. Yuriko SEKI Deputy Director, JSPS Strasbourg Office 15:00 – 15:50 Chairman: Prof. Olivier BIENAYME, Observatoire de Strasbourg “Probing the Era of Galaxy Formation” Prof. Sadanori OKAMURA University of Tokyo 15:50 – 16:40 Chairman: Prof. Manfred PAKULL, Observatoire de Strasbourg “European Southern Observatory: results and prospects” Prof. Catherine CESARSKY European Southern Observatory (ESO) 16:40 – 17:00 Coffee break 17:00 – 17:50 Chairman: Prof. Jean-Louis BOUGERET, Observatoire de Paris “Exo-Solar-Planets: Present and Future” Prof. Norio KAIFU National Astronomical Observatory, Japan 17:50 – 18:00 Closing address Jean-Marie HAMEURY, Yoichi NAKATANI 3 4 SEMINARS ABSTRACTS 5 EXPLORING THE NEW FRONTIER: HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT Prof. Chiaki MUKAI Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) International Space University 7-44-1 Jindaiji Higashi-machi, Parc d'Innovation Chofu-shi, 1 rue Jean-Dominique Cassini Tokyo 182-8522 - Japan 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden - France [email protected] Because of the tremendous advances we have made in science and technology, space has become an extension of our otherwise earth-bound living and working environment. Unique characteristics of the space environment include microgravity, high vacuum, abundant solar energy, a vast orbital field of view, cosmic radiation, and a ready site for laboratory work and science platform deployments. The space environment can be utilized for research areas in such fields as life science, biotechnology, space science, earth observation, microgravity science, and space technology. For example, the microgravity environment of space provides us with a laboratory where there is no sedimentation and no buoyancy, no thermal and density-driven convection, no container required for holding fluids, and no hydrostatic pressure gradient. Active use of the microgravity space environment for materials science, fluid physics, and other related research areas is, therefore, quite promising. However, the same physically unique characteristics of the microgravity environment that make space a remarkable laboratory for research and development also pose special challenges for the human body now exposed to conditions like cosmic radiation and a gravity-free environment. Space flight induces such physiological effects as balance disorders, cardiovascular deconditioning, decrease of bone mineralization, muscle disuse atrophy, reduction of immune response, and more. Many of these physiological changes are the result of adaptation to microgravity and the subsequent re-adaptation to earth’s 1-g environment. As we learn how living organisms react and adapt to such an alien environment as that posed by space, space life-science research will also help us to understand the role of gravity in shaping life as we know it. Interestingly, some of the transient physiological changes observed in healthy Astronauts during, and after, flight parallel certain earth-bound diseases and aging manifestations. Space research has already expanded scientific knowledge across a broad scope of disciplines from materials processing to human physiology, from earth resources observations to biotechnical research, and more. Further knowledge gained promises not only to increase dramatically our scientific understandings and capabilities on earth, but also to enable us to live and work on neighboring planetary bodies like the moon and Mars. Discussed will be some of the the past and current understandings gained from our human space-flight experience and the potential benefits to be gained from further research and exploration. 6 Born in Tatebayashi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, Dr. Chiaki Mukai is a remarkably talented and spirited young woman whose commitment to others and fascination with life have motivated her to great achievements as a cardiovascular surgeon, as a university professor, and as a Japanese astronaut. A veteran of two Space Shuttle flights, Dr. Mukai has spent more than 566 hours in space. She is not only the first Japanese woman to fly in space, but she is also the first Japanese astronaut to fly twice in space. In fact, Chiaki Mukai has more space-flight time than any other Japanese astronaut during the 20th century. Her Space Shuttle flights include what was NASA’s second International Microgravity Laboratory flight. During this extended duration orbital mission, Dr. Mukai conducted a vast array of medical experiments focusing on the cardiovascular system, the autonomic nerve system, and bone and muscle metabolism. Particularly historic, her next mission paired Dr. Chiaki Mukai, the first Japanese woman to Prof. Chiaki MUKAI fly in space, with pioneering astronaut John Glenn, the first American to orbit the earth. Relying upon her medical expertise, Dr. Mukai worked with 77-year-old Senator Glenn to study spaceflight and its relationship to the aging process. Chiaki Mukai was only a child when she decided she wanted to become a doctor so that she might help people. Today, as a board-certified, cardiovascular surgeon, Dr. Mukai counts as among her most gratifying experiences the many opportunities she has had to have a positive and life-changing impact on the patients who have come under her care. As a doctor in Japan, she has worked on the medical staffs of the Keio University Hospital, Shimizu General Hospital, Saiseikai Kanagawa Hospital, and Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital. In the United State, she served in the Division of Cardiovascular Physiology at NASA’s Space Biomedical Research Institute. She is currently affiliated with the Baylor College of Medicine’s Department of Surgery and is a visiting professor in the Department of Surgery at Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo. While awaiting a flight aboard the International Space Station, Dr. Mukai is also working as a visiting professor at the International Space University in Strasbourg, France. She is credited with more than 60 publications. Profoundly dedicated to broadening the scope of space research and utilization, Dr. Mukai is interested in promoting the arts in space and believes that painters, musicians, and writers will find special inspiration when space becomes a part of their living environment. During her last space mission, she involved the international community, including a United States president, in the creation of a traditional Japanese poem designed to celebrate the possibilities of spaceflight. In addition to being a world expert on the physiology of spaceflight, Dr. Mukai is an avid outdoors woman who excels at Alpine competitive skiing and scuba diving. She also enjoys tennis, photography, golf – and even bass fishing! Furthermore, her pleasure in the arts extends to a special interest in, and appreciation for, American literature. Dr. Chiaki Mukai has received many prestigious awards too numerous to be detailed here. However, a couple of honors that might be mentioned include a Special Citation from the Prime Minister of Japan and Special Recognition by the United States Congress. 7 FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB) OBSERVATIONS Prof. Jean-Loup PUGET Institut d'astrophysique spatiale Bât. 121 - Université Paris-Sud F-91405 Orsay - France [email protected] Observations of the Cosmic microwave background has confirmed that they can bring unique informations about the global structure of the universe (geometry, relative contributions to its dynamics of components with different equations of state...) These observations also have the capability of testing models of the early universe at the time of generation of all the structures we see now. These models depends on physics beyond the