INVENTORY of RARE AND ENDANGERED VASCULAR PLANTS of CALIFORNIA , Special Publication No. 1 (2nd Edition) California Native Plant Society April 1980 COUNTY AND ISLAND CODES 1 Alameda 35 San Benito 2 Alpine 36 San Bernardino 3 Amador 37 San Diego 4 Butte 38 San Francisco 5 Calaveras 39 San Joaquin 6 Colusa 40 San Luis Obispo 7 Contra Costa 41 San Mateo 8 Del orte 42 Santa Barbara 9 El Dorado 43 Santa Clara 10 Fresno 44 Santa Cruz 11 Glenn 45 Shasta 12 Humboldt 46 Sierra 13 Imperial 47 Siskiyou 14 Inyo 48 Solano 15 Kern 49 Sonoma 16 Kings 50 Stanislaus 17 Lake 51 Sutter 18 Lassen 52 Tehama 19 Los Angeles 53 Trinity 20 Madera 54 Tulare 21 Marin 55 Tuolumne 22 Mariposa 56 Ventura 23 Mendocino 57 Yolo 24 Merced 58 Yuba 25 Modoc 59 Anacapa Islands (Ventura County) 26 Mono 60 San Clemente Island (Los Angeles County) 27 Monterey 61 San Miguel Island (Santa Barbara County) 28 Napa 62 San Nicolas Island (Ventura County) 29 Nevada 63 Santa Barbara Island (Santa Barbara County) 30 Orange 64 Santa Catalina Island (Los Angeles County) 31 Placer 65 Santa Cruz Island (Santa Barbara County) 32 Plumas 66 Santa Rosa Island (Santa Barbara County) 33 Rivers;de 67 Farallon Islands (San Francisco County) 34 Sacramento ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS AZ -Arizona SO-Sonora, Mexico BA -Baja California, Mexico ST-Smithsonian threatened plant CE -California endangered plant SX-Smithsonian extinct plant CR -California rare plant FL -federally listed plant GU-Isla Guadalupe, Baja California NV - evada +-this state and beyond OR-Oregon ++-widespread outside California SE -Smithsonian endangered plant *-extinct or extirpated The cover illustration of Rai//ardella pringlei, a Trinity and Siskiyou Co. endemic, is by Christina Paleno of Arcata, Ca. Second Edition Revised by · James Payne Smith, Jr., R. Jane Cole, and John 0. Sawyer, Jr. In Collaboration with W. Robert Powell Special Publication No. 1 (2nd Edition) California Native Plant Society April 1980 I THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Officers President ................................................................................................................... August Fruge Vice President .................................................................................................... Joseph Medeiros Recording Secretary ....... ..................................................................................... Virginia Rumble Corresponding Secretary ................................................................................... Arthur Manly, Jr. Treasurer ............................................................................................................... John Danielsen Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee Mary DeDecker Thomas C. Fuller Lawrence R. Heckard Thomas Oberbauer John 0. Sawyer, Jr. Robert A. Schlising James P. Smith, Jr. G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. Robert Thorne This is the second edition of the Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California which first appeared in 1974 under the editorship of W. Robert Powell, Director of the Rare Plant Project. Copyright MCMLXXX California Native Plant Society 2380 Ellsworth, Suite D Berkeley, California 94704 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................................. Introduction . ... .. ... .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .... ii A Brief History of the CNPS Inventory ............. ........................................................... iii Basis for Inclusion of Plants ........................................................ .............................. iii Some Definitions and Concepts . ..... ............... .......... ....... ....... ...... .... .... .............. iv The Plant Lists and How to Interpret Them . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. v Listing of California Plants by Others ......................................................................... vi CNPS Policy Statement on Educational-Scientific Collecting ............................... ........... vii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. vii The Plant Lists List 1- Plants Presumed Extinct ......... ......... ............................................... ....... .. 1 List 2- Plants Rare and Endangered ......... ............. ......... ...................................... 5 List 3- Plants Rare, But Not Endangered ................... ............................................ 43 List 4- Plants Rare in California, Common Elsewhere .......................................... ... 67 Appendices Appendix 1- Plants Considered, But Not Included .............................................. .. 81 Appendix 2- Scientific Name Changes in This Edition .......... ................. ...... .... ....... 84 Appendix 3- List of Quadrangle Maps ................................................................. 86 References ........................................................................ ................................... 104 Index ................................................................................................................... 105 1 1 PREFACE The California Native Plant Society is dedicated to the preservation of our state's native flora. We believe that one important way to accomplish this goal is to assemble, evaluate, and distribute information on the rare and endangered plants of California. The purpose of this Inventory is to provide comprehensive and accurate data for such plants. The material contained in this reference has been generated and reviewed by professional and amateur botanists from throughout the state. Without their cooperation, this book would not have been possible. The Inventory is not the final word on California's rare and endangered plants. A compilation of this nature is always out-of-date at the time of its publication. The number of plants is so large, the genetic and ecological factors so varied, and the biological reactions of plants to the activities of man so complex, that this book is best regarded as a progress report. We welcome suggested additions and deletions of plants in the various lists. We are especially anxious to have errors brought to our attention. Because we feel so strongly that accurate and timely information is critical, the Society will issue updates of the Inventory at appropriate intervals. These supplements will be available for a small charge through a subscription plan. Write to the address below for details and to get on the mailing list. Please send comments, additions, deletions, corrections, and inqu1r1es regarding the supplement subscriptions to: Dr. James Payne Smith, Jr., Chairman Rare Plant Scientific Aqvisory Committee Department of Biology Humboldt State University Arcata, CA 95521 ii INTRODUCTION This book is a compilation of data on one of cool, wet winters. Only in the Mediterranean Basin, California's greatest natural treasures, its rare plants. Chile, and parts of Australia and South Africa do we find Our state is widely known for its rich and varied flora. similar climates. Each is famous for its array of rare plants. California's physical isolation behind tall mountain A second factor is topography.Within the boundaries of ranges and deserts and its characteristic summer-dry this state are the extremes of low, subtropical desert to climate set the stage for the development of this habitats above timberline. A third factor is the richness complex and fascinating group of plants. Over 5000 of geological formations and the diversity of soil types. plants are native, a number that is higher than that of the These factors taken together go a long way toward entire northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, explaining the high number of rare and endemi c plants an area ten times larger than California. Another in California, but the explanation is still incomplete. In a thousand plants are weedy introductions to the state or recent paper, Stebbins (1980) suggests that a synthetic escapes from gardens and agricultural fields. theory is needed. He proposes a "gene pool-niche interaction theory" that takes into account climatic, One of the most notable features of the California topographic, and soil factors along with the evolutionary flora is that about one-third of the species are endemics, history and genetic structure of plant populations. plants that are restricted to a particular locality or habitat Several papers treating in much more detail the within the state. If we define the flora in terms of the California flora, endemism, and rare plants are cited in California Floristic Province (a unit including the the references. Klamath Region of southern Oregon, the portion of California, west of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada axis, and a This book is not the proper forum for a lengthy part of Baja, but excluding the deserts) then the degree discussion of the value of rare plants and the merits of of endemism (47.7%) is unparalleled in a continental their preservation. An excellent review will be found in flora. Prance and Elias (1977). But, we must note that California's flora, its rare plants especially, are It was argued a few decades ago that these rare increasingly threatened by the spread of our cities, endemics are plants becoming extinct because of old towns, and roads, by our conversion of land to age. We are seeing their last gasps at the end of a long agriculture, and by pollution. The critical habitats that evolutionary history. Others argued, quite to the harbor the rare