Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Naation’s Civil War Battlefields U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program Washington, DC September 2012 DRAFT v. 6 for Public Review Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields DRAFT v. 6 0 Cover photo: Captain Henry Guibor’s Battery (Confederate), Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Missouri. NPS photo. Authority The American Battlefield Protection Program Act of 1996, as amended by the Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-359, 111 Stat. 3016, 17 December 2002), directs the Secretary of the Interior to update the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (CWSAC) Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields. Project Team NPS Leadership Jonathan B. Jarvis, Director; Stephanie Smith Toothman, Ph.D., Associate Director, Cultural Resources, Partnerships, and Science; Jon Smith, Deputy Associate Director, Heritage Preservation Assistance Programs; H. Bryan Mitchell, Manager, Heritage Preservation Services. NPS Project Team Paul Hawke, Chief, American Battlefield Protection Program; Tanya M. Gossett, Project Leader and Report Author; Kathleen Madigan, Survey Coordinator; Matthew Borders, Historian; Shannon Davis, Kristie Kendall, January Ruck, and Lisa Rupple, Historic Preservation Specialists; Gweneth Langdon and Renee Novak, Interns. Battlefield Surveyors Joseph E. Brent, Mudpuppy & Waterdog, Inc.; Matthew Borders, Tanya Gossett, Paul Hawke, Kathleen Madigan, and Lisa Rupple, American Battlefield Protection Program, NPS; Mark Christ, Arkansas Division of Historic Preservation; Connie Langum, Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, NPS; David W. Lowe, Cultural Resources Geographic Information Systems Office, NPS. Acknowledgments The Project Team would like to thank the many people who provided information about the battlefields or reviewed and remarked upon this report. We are especially grateful for the time and attention given this project by our national and state partners. Their input was essential to the revised assessments of the battlefields and in directing our attention to important issues facing battlefields in different parts of the country. Alabama: Blanton Blankenship and Mike Bailey, Fort Morgan State Historic Site; Jo Ann Flirt, Historic Blakely State Park; Michael Henderson, Historic Fort Gaines; Mike Wise, Crooked Creek Civil War Museum; Bill Rambo, Confederate Memorial Park. Arkansas: Paul Butler, Sarah Jones, and Randy Roberson, Arkansas State Parks; Mark Christ and Ralph S. Wilcox, Arkansas Historic Preservation; Jessee Cox, Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park; Cathy Cunningham, Southern Bancorp Capital Partners; Thomas W. Dupree, Reed’s Bridge Battlefield Preservation Society; Bill Gurley, Civil War Roundtable of Arkansas; Peggy S. Lloyd, Southwest Arkansas Civil War Heritage Trail; Larry Puckett, Friends of Devil’s Backbone Ridge Battlefield; Alan Thompson, Northwest Arkansas Civil War Heritage Trail; Dennis Sharp, White River National Wildlife Refuge; Charles Walthall, Friends of Arkansas’ Battlefields. District of Columbia: Ruth Trocolli, District of Columbia Historic Preservation Office. Colorado: Jeff C. Campbell, Independent Historian. Florida: Barry Burch and Bert Hickey, Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park; Rodney Kite-Powell, Tampa Bay History Center’s Saunders Foundation. Georgia: Steve Burke, Sons of Confederate Veterans (Waynesboro); William Clark, Catoosa County Commission; Charlie Crawford, Georgia Battlefields Preservation Association, Inc.; Gordon Jones, Atlanta History Center; Kevin McAuliff, Whitfield County Historic Preservation Commission; Don Perkins, Jenkins County Historical Society; Mark Pollard and Michael Sabine, Friends of Nash Farm; Daniel J. Brown, Fort McAllister State Historic Park; John Culpepper, Georgia Civil War Commission; Mandy Elliott, Cobb County Community Development Agency; Bobbie Perra, Walker County Commissioner's Office. Indiana: Claudia Howard, Harrison County Parks and Recreation Department; Frank D. Hurdis Jr., Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. Kansas: Julie McPike and Judy Billings, Freedom’s Frontier National heritage Area; Arnold W. Schofield, Mine Creek Battlefield State Historic Site. Kentucky: James Cass, Camp Wildcat Preservation Foundation; Betty Cole, Barbourville Tourist and Recreation Commission; John Downs, Kentucky Heritage Council; Frank Fitzpatrick, Middle Creek National Battlefield Foundation, Inc.; Kurt Holman, Perryville State Historic Site; Joan House, Kentucky Department of Parks; William A. Penn, independent historian; Rob Rumpke, Battle of Richmond Association; Tres Seymour, Battle for the Bridge Historic Preserve/Hart County Historical Society. Louisiana: Steve Bounds, Mansfield State Historic Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields DRAFT v. 6 1 Site; Corey Buie, Fort Jackson Museum; Andrew Capone, Fort Butler Foundation; Michelle L. Eppley, Plaquemines Parish; Mike Fraering, Port Hudson State Historic Site; Gregory leggio, Old Arsenal Museum; Steven M. Mayeux, Friends of Fort DeRussy, Inc.; Sarah McKee, Fort Jackson Park; Chris Pena, Nicholls State University; Gregg Potts, Port Hudson State Historic Site; Roland R. Stansbury, Young-Sanders Center for the Study of the War Between the States in Louisiana; Scott Dearman, Mansfield State Historic Site; Patricia Duncan, Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation; Chip McGimsey, Ph.D., and Duke Rivet, Louisiana Division of Archaeology. Maryland: Robert Bailey and Al Preston, South Mountain Battlefield State Park; John Nelson, Hager House Museum. Minnesota: Tom Ellig, Minnesota Historical Society; Ben Leonard, Nicolett County Historical Association; Larry Whitaker, Wood Lake Battlefield Preservation Association. Mississippi: Rebecca Blackwell Drake, The Sid J. Champion Heritage Foundation; Patsy Gregory, Friends of the Battle of Okolona; Ray Herndon, The Conservation Fund; Parker Hills, Friends of Raymond; Harry McMillin, Friends of Vicksburg National Military Park; Thomas Ross, Grand Gulf Military Monument Commission; Jim Woodrick, Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Missouri: Craig Asbury, Kirksville Battlefield; Lois Bowman, Wright County Historical Society; Walter Busch, Fort Davidson State Historic Site; William J. Bryan, Missouri State Parks; Michael Calvert, Civil War Roundtable of Western Missouri; Janae Fuller, Battle of Lexington State Historic Site; Daniel Hadley and Alinda Miller, Lone Jack Historical Society; Tom Higdon, Russ Hively, and Jim Ridenour, Newtonia Battlefields Protection Association, Inc.; Scott House, Cape Girardeau Historic Preservation Commission; Cindy Lynch, Columbus Belmont State Park; Carole Magnus, Foundation for Historic Preservation; Mary Ellen McVicker, Scholar; Pam Myers, Battle of Carthage State Historic Site; Tiffany Patterson, Missouri State Historic Preservation Office; Paul Rorvig, Ph.D., University of Central Missouri; John Rutherford, Springfield-Greene County Library; Daniel Smith, Monnett Battle of Westport Fund, Inc.; Melanie Smith, City of Kirksville; Arnold Schofield, Mine Creek State Historic Site. New Mexico: Jeff Hanson, Signa Larralde, and Brenda Wilkenson, Bureau of Land Management. North Carolina: Paul Branch, Fort Macon State Park; Mike Dumont, New Bern Historical Society; Charles L. Heath and Jeffrey D. Irwin, Fort Bragg Cultural Resources Management Program; Delores Hall, North Carolina Office of State Archaeology; L. Lyle Holland and Jane Phillips, Historical Preservation Group, Inc.; Richard Long, Independent Historian; Jim McKee, Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson State Historic Site; Peter Sandbeck and Ann Swallow, North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office; Randy Sauls, Goldsborough Bridge Battlefield Association; Walt Smith, Averasboro Battlefield Commission, Inc.; Jim Steele, Fort Fisher State Historic Site; Donny Taylor, Bentonville Battlefield State Historic Site. North Dakota: Keith Giesler, Whitestone Hill Battlefield Historical Society; Diane Rogness, State Historical Society of North Dakota; Paul Van Ningen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Jeb R. Williams, North Dakota Game and Fish Department. Ohio: George Kane, Ohio Historical Society; G. Michael Pratt, Heidelberg University; Franco Ruffini, Ohio Historic Preservation Office; Ed Sharp and Eric J. Wittenberg, Buffington Island Battlefield Preservation Foundation. Oklahoma: Whit Edwards and Lynda Schwan, Oklahoma Historical Society; Ralph Jones, Honey Springs Battlefield Historic Site; Leonard Logan and Herman Stinnett, Friends of Cabin Creek Battlefield, Inc.; Jennifer Scott, Private Landowner; Gwen Walker, Atoka Confederate Museum. Pennsylvania: Elliott Gruber, Gettysburg Foundation; Sarah Kipp, The Land Conservancy of Adams County; Susan Star Paddock, No Casino Gettysburg; Kathi Schue, Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association; Larry Wallace, Gettysburg Licensed Battlefield Guide. South Carolina: Daniel Bell, South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism; Brian Long, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Bill Stephen and Robert Williams, Friends of Rivers Bridge; Stephen Wise, University of South Carolina. Tennessee: Jamie M. Bennett, USDA Forest Service; David Fraley, Carter House; Tim Heath, Battle of Hartsville Preservation Association; Alton Kelley, Middle Tennessee Convention and Visitor’s Center; Dot Kelley,