Smart Grid: Challenges & Opportunities INT8684_PECover2013_8.indd 1 4/4/13 5:11 PM You don’t have to be Thomas Edison to be a force for change. Just a PES member. Joining the IEEE Power & Energy Society can provide a big boost to your career by enabling you to: • Tackle broad-reaching challenges • Become recognized as a thought leader by your industry peers • Develop contacts that will prove useful throughout all stages of your career • Be a part of the very active and engaged global PES Community We help our members to be successful by providing: • Up-to-date information on current trends and the latest technology • Industry insight through Power & Energy magazine, technical reports and peer-reviewed publications • Compelling programs and networking opportunities at our conferences and events • Opportunity to meet, network and collaborate with local members via our vibrant chapters Over 30,000 members of the IEEE Power & Energy Society recognize that their membership is an exceptional, cost-effective way to acquire the latest information about all aspects of the fast-changing electric power and energy industry. You can too, if you join us now! To learn more about the IEEE Power & Energy Society, including the many other membership benefits, please visit www.ieee-pes.org. IEEE Power & Energy Society 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA IEEE_MemberAds.indd 1 4/1/13 3:53 PM magazine www.ieee.org/power Smart Grid: Challenges & Opportunities ...a 2013 reprint journal from PES on the cover features 5 Smart Grid — Safe, Secure, Self-Healing Challenges and Opportunities in Power System Security, Resiliency, and Privacy By S. Massoud Amin and Anthony M. Giacomonis 13 A Virtual Smart Grid Real-Time Simulation for Smart Grid Control and Communications Design By David Anderson, Chuanlin Zhao, Carl H. Hauser, Vaithianathan Venkatasubramanian, David E. Bakken, and Anjan Bose 22 Forward Pass 13 Policy Changes and Technical Opportunties on the U.S. Electric Grid By Timothy D. Heidel, John G. Kassakian, and Richard Schmalensee 30 DC, Come Home DC Microgrids and the Birth of the “Enernet” By Brian T. Patterson 41 Enhancing Grid Measurements Wide Area Measurement Systems, NASPInet, and Security By Rakesh B. Bobba, Jeff Dagle, Erich Heine, Himanshu Khurana, William H. Sanders, Peter Sauer, and Tim Yardley 49 Staying in Control Cybersecurity and the Modern Electric Grid By Julie Hull, Himanshu Khurana, Tom Markham, and Kevin Staggs 49 contents IEEE power & energy magazine 1 magazine Editor in Chief IEEE Periodicals/Magazines Department Melvin I. Olken 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA 245 East 19th Street #20K +1 732 562 3950, fax +1 732 981 1855 New York, NY 10003-2665 USA www.ieee.org/magazines +1 212 982 8286 (phone fax) Geraldine Krolin-Taylor, Senior Managing Editor [email protected] Janet Dudar, Senior Art Director Gail A. Schnitzer, Assistant Art Director Associate Editors Theresa L. Smith, Production Coordinator Gerald B. Sheblé, Business Scene Peter M. Tuohy, Production Director Felicia Spagnoli, Advertising Production Manager Carl L. 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Copyright Bullseye International Group, Inc. © 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Periodicals postage paid at New +1 913 663 1112, fax +1 913 663 1119 York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Canadian GST #125634188 [email protected] Printed in U.S.A. IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY (PES) The IEEE Power & Energy Society is an organization of IEEE members whose principal interest is the advancement of the science and practice of elec- tric power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization. All members of the IEEE are eligible for membership in the Society. Mission Statement: To be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for our members. Officers Standing Committee Chairs Technical Committee Chairs N.N. Schulz, President M. Crow, Awards & Recognition M. Sedlak, Electric Machinery M.M. Begovic, President-Elect N. Nair, Constitution & Bylaws R. Groves, Energy Development & Power M. Selak, Vice President, Chapters L. Bertling Tjernberg, Finance & Audit Generation J.H. Nelson, Vice President, Technical Activities A.C. Rotz, Nominations & Appointments J. Smith, Insulated Conductors P.W. Sauer, Vice President, Education K. Butler-Purry, Power Engineering Education G. Ballassi, Nuclear Power Engineering S. Rahman, Vice President, Publications W.K. Reder, Scholarship Plus S. Carneiro, Jr., Power System Analysis, W. Rosehart, Vice President, Meetings Computing, & Economics H. Louie, Vice President, Chapter Representatives D. Nordell, Power System Communications Membership & Image B. Allaf, J. Ammentorp, A. Bakirtzis, T. Van Cutsem, Power System R. Podmore, Vice President, New Initiatives/ J.G. Calderon, R. Cespiedes, C. Diamond, Dynamic Performance Outreach D. Drumtra, J. Fleeman, B. Gwyn, R. Arseneau, Power System Instrumentation L. Bertling Tjernberg, Treasurer Z.F. Hussien, I. Kuzle, N. Logic, J.C. Montero, & Measurements C. Root, Secretary P. Naidoo, T. Rajagopalan, P. Pabst, D. Sharafi, A. Conejo, Power System Operations A.C. Rotz, Past-President G.N. Taranto, E. Tobin, E. Uzunovic, M.L. Chan, Power System Planning D. van Hertem & Implementation IEEE Division VII Director R. Hedding, Power System Relaying C. Warren Chapter Committee Chairs L. Varga, Stationary Battery S. Chakravorti, Chapter Secretary M. Dood, Substations IEEE Division VII Director Elect N. Mariun, Chapter/Section Relations A.J. Surtees, Surge Protective Devices W.K. Reder M. Armstrong, Electronic Communications T.W. Olsen, Switchgear E. Carlsen, Awards & Resources W. Chiu, Transformers Region Representatives Y. Chen, Distinguished Lecturer Program W.A. Chisholm, Transmission & Distribution M. Chaganti, Y. Chen, T. Hiemer, F. Lambert, K. Hadzimahovic, Chapters Web site M. Nissen, J. Skillman, United States Coordinating Committees M. Armstrong, Canada Membership & Image B. Djokic, Emerging Technologies C. Vournas, Europe, Middle East, & Africa Committee Chairs S. Pullins, Intelligent Grid N. Segoshi, Latin America A. St Leger, GOLD Coordinator P. Bishop, Marine Systems L. Goel, Asia & Pacific A. Bonthron, Membership Development R.J. Piwko, Wind & Solar Power L. Fan, Membership Development Governing Board Open, Web Site Development Standing Committees Members-at-Large S. Bahramirad, PES WIE Liaison E. Gunther, M. Jensen, J. Giri, T. Prevost J. Randolph, Awards W. Bishop, Marketing S.S. Venkata, Technical Sessions PES Executive Director Technical Council S.S. Venkata, Meetings & Marketing Patrick Ryan, +1 732 465 6618, J.H. Nelson, Chair K. Edwards, Organization & Procedures fax +1 732 562 3881, e-mail [email protected] S.S. Venkata, Vice-Chair W. Bartley, Standards Coordination K.S. Edwards, Secretary D. Novosel, Past-Chair Additional Positions Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2013.2239531 M. Maytum, Web Master D. Nordell, Editor in Chief of Conference Papers 2 IEEE power & energy magazine Noel Schulz, President, IEEE PES greetings from the IEEE Power & Energy leader’s corner leader’s Society (PES) March 15, 2013 To: Recipients of the 2013 IEEE PES Smart Grid Reprint Journal: WELCOME TO OUR NEW COMPEN- Patricia Hoffman, assistant secretary ✔ cyber-attack vectors and vulner- dium of articles that appeared in last at the U.S. DOE in the office of Elec- abilities and the value of simula- year’s IEEE P&E Magazine. tricity