Final Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) Evaluation Appendices K–P Federal Aviation SEPTEMBER 2016 Administration APPENDIX K CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT Note: The Section 508 amendment of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 requires that the information in federal documents be accessible to individuals with disabilities. The FAA has made every effort to ensure that the information in the Draft Angoon Airport Environmental Impact Statement is accessible. However, this appendix is not fully compliant with Section 508, and readers with disabilities are encouraged to contact Leslie Grey at (907) 271-5453 or [email protected] if they would like access to the information. CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS FOR AIRPORT 12A WITH ACCESS 12A (PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE) ANGOON AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT ANGOON, ALASKA Prepared for Federal Aviation Administration Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Prepared by Certus Environmental Solutions and SWCA Environmental Consultants SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 13-494 SWCA Project No. 24650 October 2015 PUBLIC VERSION – INFORMATION PROTECTED BY FEDERAL LAW HAS BEEN REDACTED Privileged Information – Not for Public Release Angoon Airport EIS Cultural Resources Technical Report for the Area of Potential Effects for Airport 12a with Access 12a (Preferred Alternative) v2 October 2015 Contents 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Proposed Undertaking ............................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Area of Potential Effects ............................................................................................................................ 4 3.1 Direct APE .............................................................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Visual APE ............................................................................................................................................. 6 3.3 Noise APE .............................................................................................................................................. 6 4.0 Cultural and Environmental Setting ........................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Update to Prehistoric Context ................................................................................................................ 8 4.2 Update to Ethnographic Context ............................................................................................................ 8 4.3 Environmental Setting ............................................................................................................................ 9 5.0 Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 12 5.1 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................. 12 5.2 Field Inventory ...................................................................................................................................... 12 5.2.1 Sensitivity Analysis Methods ......................................................................................................... 13 5.2.2 Pedestrian Survey ......................................................................................................................... 15 5.2.3 Shovel Probes ............................................................................................................................... 15 5.3 Visual Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 15 5.4 Noise Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 16 5.5 Vibration Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 16 6.0 Previous Research and Known and Potential Cultural Resources .......................................................... 16 6.1 Burials and Human Remains ................................................................................................................ 19 7.0 Results .................................................................................................................................................... 19 7.1 Findings of Shovel Probes ................................................................................................................... 23 7.2 Culturally Modified Trees ...................................................................................................................... 23 7.2.1 NRHP Eligibility of Culturally Modified Trees ................................................................................. 24 7.3 Cultural Resource Sites ........................................................................................................................ 25 7.3.1 Site SIT-00014, Killisnoo Island Village ......................................................................................... 25 7.3.2 Site SIT-00056, St. Andrews Church............................................................................................. 27 7.3.3 Site SIT-00169, Killisnoo Harbor Village ....................................................................................... 27 7.3.4 Site SIT-00749, Killisnoo Cemetery .............................................................................................. 29 7.4 Potential for Inadvertent Discoveries during Construction .................................................................... 30 8.0 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 30 9.0 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 31 10.0 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ 33 i Privileged Information – Not for Public Release Angoon Airport EIS Cultural Resources Technical Report for the Area of Potential Effects for Airport 12a with Access 12a (Preferred Alternative) v2 October 2015 Figures Figure 1. General location of Angoon Airport project. ........................................................................................ 2 Figure 2. Phase 2 Direct APE and Alaska Heritage Resources Survey (AHRS) point sites within 1 mile of this APE. ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Phase 2 indirect APEs and AHRS recorded sites within these APEs. ................................................ 7 Figure 4. Overview in southeastern portion of the Phase 2 Direct APE, view to the northwest. ........................ 9 Figure 5. Overview of non-contiguous northwest avigation easement, view to the southeast. ........................ 10 Figure 6. Overview of the northeastern edge of the Phase Direct 2 APE in the northeastern portion of the APE, view to the northwest. ........................................................................................................ 10 Figure 7. Saturated sediments within a forested area of the Phase 2 Direct APE, view to the east. ............... 11 Figure 8. Saturated sediments in an open bog within the Phase 2 Direct APE. .............................................. 11 Figure 9. Shovel probe locations in relationship to high probability areas in the Phase 2 Direct APE. ............ 14 Figure 10. Shovel probe and CMT locations in the northwestern portion of the Phase 2 Direct APE. ............... 20 Figure 11. Shovel probe and CMT locations in the northeastern portion of the Phase 2 Direct APE. ............... 21 Figure 12. Shovel probe and CMT locations in the southern portion of the Phase 2 Direct APE. ...................... 22 Figure 13. Killisnoo Island Village, ca. 1908. ..................................................................................................... 25 Figure 14. Killisnoo Cemetery, ca. 1908. ........................................................................................................... 29 Tables Table 1. Previous Investigations within 1 Mile of the Phase 2 Direct APE ...................................................... 17 Table 2. Alaska Heritage Resources Sites within 1 Mile of the Phase 2 Direct APE ...................................... 18 Table 3. CMTs Identified in the Phase 2 Direct APE ..................................................................................... 23 Appendices Appendix A. Phase 1 Cultural Resources Existing Conditions Technical Report for the Angoon Airport Environmental Impact Statement Appendix B. Shovel Probes Appendix C. Culturally Modified Tree Photos ii Privileged Information – Not for Public Release Angoon Airport EIS Cultural Resources Technical Report for the Area of Potential Effects for Airport 12a with Access 12a (Preferred