PROTOCOLS CONVENTIONS ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA OF 12 1949 AUGUST PROTOCOLS CONVENTIONS ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA OF 12 1949 AUGUST PROTOCOLS CONVENTIONS ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA OF 12 1949 AUGUST ThisThis volume volume contains contains the the official official texts texts of ofthe the two two Protocols Protocols additional additional to tothe the GenevaGeneva Conventions Conventions of of12 12 August August 1949, 1949, as asadopted adopted on on 8 June8 June 1977 1977 by by the the DiplomaticDiplomatic Conference Conference on on the the Reaffirmation Reaffirmation and and Development Development of ofInternational International HumanitarianHumanitarian Law Law applicable applicable in inArmed Armed Conflicts Conflicts (Geneva, (Geneva, 1974-77). 1974-77). It Italso also PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS includesincludes extracts extracts from from the the Final Final Act Act of ofthe the Conference Conference and and the the texts texts of ofthe the substantivesubstantive resolutions resolutions adopted adopted at atthe the fourth fourth session session in in1977. 1977. TheThe Final Final Act, Act, to towhich which the the two two Protocols Protocols were were annexed, annexed, was was deposited deposited with with ADDITIONALADDITIONAL thethe Swiss Swiss Federal Federal Council, Council, the the depositary depositary of ofthe the 1949 1949 Conventions. Conventions. ProtocolsProtocols I and I and II IIcame came into into force force on on 7 December7 December 1978. 1978. ThisThis volume volume also also contains contains the the official official text text of of the the Protocol Protocol additional additional to to the the GenevaGeneva Conventions Conventions of of12 12 August August 1949, 1949, and and relating relating to tothe the Adoption Adoption of ofan an AdditionalAdditional Distinctive Distinctive Emblem Emblem (Protocol (Protocol III), III), adopted adopted on on 8 December8 December 2005. 2005. ProtocolProtocol III III came came into into force force on on 14 14 January January 2007. 2007. TOTO THETHE GENEVAGENEVA ByBy 1 April1 April 2010, 2010, 169 169 States States had had agreed agreed to tobe be bound bound by by Protocol Protocol I, I,165 165 by by ProtocolProtocol II IIand and 52 52 by by Protocol Protocol III. III. CONVENTIONSCONVENTIONS OFOF 1212 AUGUSTAUGUST 19491949 0321/002 05.2010 10,000 0321/002 05.2010 10,000 0321/002 05.2010 10,000 ICRCICRCICRC MissionMission TheThe International International Committee Committee of of the the Red Red Cross Cross (ICRC) (ICRC) is isan an impartial, impartial, neutral neutral and and independent independent organization organization whosewhose exclusively exclusively humanitarian humanitarian mission mission is isto to protect protect thethe lives lives and and dignity dignity of ofvictims victims of ofarmed armed conflict conflict and and otherother situations situations of ofviolence violence and and to to provide provide them them with with Editor’s note assistance.assistance. The The ICRC ICRC also also endeavours endeavours to to prevent prevent suffering suffering byby promoting promoting and and strengthening strengthening humanitarian humanitarian law law and and Upon completion of a procedure begun in 1989, a number of amendments to universaluniversal humanitarian humanitarian principles. principles. Established Established in in1863, 1863, Annex I to Protocol I (Regulations concerning identification) were adopted thethe ICRC ICRC is isat atthe the origin origin of ofthe the Geneva Geneva Conventions Conventions and and on 30 November 1993 and came into force on 1 March 1994. thethe International International Red Red Cross Cross and and Red Red Crescent Crescent Movement. Movement. The present volume contains the amended text of Annex I. It Itdirects directs and and coordinates coordinates the the international international activities activities conductedconducted by by the the Movement Movement in inarmed armed conflicts conflicts and and other other Resolutions 17, 18 and 19 of the 1974-77 Diplomatic Conference and the situationssituations of ofviolence. violence. annexes thereto comprise or refer to Articles 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the original version of Annex I; these provisions are now Articles 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 respectively. Article 56 of Protocol I contains a reference to Article 16 of Annex I, which is now Article 17. PROTOCOLS ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 1 Contents PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949, AND RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS (PROTOCOL I), OF 8 JUNE 1977 Preamble ..................................................................................................................... 9 PART I General provisions ........................................................................................................ 10 Article 1 General principles and scope of application ......................................... 10 Article 2 Definitions ................................................................................................. 10 Article 3 Beginning and end of application .......................................................... 11 Article 4 Legal status of the Parties to the conflict .............................................. 11 Article 5 Appointment of Protecting Powers and of their substitute ............... 11 Article 6 Qualified persons ...................................................................................... 13 Article 7 Meetings ..................................................................................................... 13 PART II Wounded, sick and shipwrecked ...................................................................... 13 Section I – General protection ......................................................................... 13 Article 8 Terminology .............................................................................................. 13 Article 9 Field of application ................................................................................... 15 Article 10 Protection and care .................................................................................. 16 Article 11 Protection of persons ............................................................................... 16 Article 12 Protection of medical units ..................................................................... 17 Article 13 Discontinuance of protection of civilian medical units ..................... 17 Article 14 Limitations on requisition of civilian medical units ........................... 18 Article 15 Protection of civilian medical and religious personnel ...................... 18 Article 16 General protection of medical duties .................................................... 19 Article 17 Role of the civilian population and of aid societies ............................. 19 Article 18 Identification ............................................................................................. 20 Article 19 Neutral and other States not Parties to the conflict ............................ 21 Article 20 Prohibition of reprisals ............................................................................ 21 Section II – Medical transportation ............................................................... 21 Article 21 Medical vehicles ........................................................................................ 21 2 CONTENTS Article 22 Hospital ships and coastal rescue craft ................................................. 21 Article 23 Other medical ships and craft ................................................................ 22 Article 24 Protection of medical aircraft ................................................................. 23 Article 25 Medical aircraft in areas not controlled by an adverse Party ............ 23 Article 26 Medical aircraft in contact or similar zones ......................................... 23 Article 27 Medical aircraft in areas controlled by an adverse Party ................... 24 Article 28 Restrictions on operations of medical aircraft ..................................... 24 Article 29 Notifications and agreements concerning medical aircraft ............... 25 Article 30 Landing and inspection of medical aircraft ......................................... 25 Article 31 Neutral or other States not Parties to the conflict .............................. 26 Section III – Missing and dead persons ............................................................. 27 Article 32 General principle ...................................................................................... 27 Article 33 Missing persons ........................................................................................ 28 Article 34 Remains of deceased ................................................................................ 28 PART III Methods and means of warfare Combatant and prisoner-of-war status ................................................... 30 Section I – Methods and means of warfare ............................................... 30 Article 35 Basic rules .................................................................................................. 30 Article 36 New weapons ............................................................................................. 30 Article 37 Prohibition of perfidy ............................................................................... 30 Article 38 Recognized