Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai Findings in Public Establishments, Private Networks and Survivor Perspectives Presented by Maharashtra State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights and International Justice Mission Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai Findings in Public Establishments, Private Networks and Survivor Perspectives Presented by Maharashtra State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights and International Justice Mission ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Core Study Team (International Justice Mission) Andee Cooper Parks Sanjay Macwan Alesha Guruswamy Rusk Cassandra Fernandes Melissa Walavalkar Sheela Alfanso Lila Nanda Shalini Newbigging Sian Morley Pranay Mane Kelvin Symon Kevin Blagg Vic Lacey Kristy Pyke Liz West Harshal Sumitra Research Coordinator: Andee Cooper Parks External Analysis Method Reviewers: Richard Valliant, Saman Muthukumarana Statistical Data Analyst: Kyle Vincent, Zixin Nie, Ashley Russell Qualitative Data Analyst: Julie Stricker This research was made possible through the support, courage, and diligence of many data collectors in Mumbai, India. The entire field office’s staff in Mumbai was “all hands on deck” for various parts of this study. We are extremely grateful for your willingness to try something experimental in an attempt to shed light on a dark part of human nature. Your exposure to personal risk for the sake of the study has not gone unnoticed. Other colleagues that spent hours brainstorming methodology, reviewing data collection instruments, and providing technical and/or on-the-ground counsel included Terence Fitzgerald, Saju Mathew, and Sharon Cohn Wu. The findings of this report are the property of IJM. The contents of the report may be cited with due acknowledgement to IJM. Prelude aharashtra State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (MSCPCR) and International Justice Mission India present the research study on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSE) of Mminor victims in Mumbai. The research is a consolidated representation of the prevalence of minor victims of CSE in Mumbai, Thane and Navi Mumbai areas. It aimed to study the prevalence of victims of CSE in public establishments, such as, brothels and bars, and in private establishments such as, lodges and residential areas. In addition, the study was focused to understand the nature of violence being perpetrated on the victims. From August 2015 to April 2016 researchers from International Justice Mission India were engaged in understanding the universe of CSE, identifying minor victims and analyzing the data to study the success of anti-trafficking interventions. This ascertained the need for the new strategies to sustainably combat CSE. Maharashtra State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (MSCPCR) and International Justice Mission India submit this report to the Government and Non-Government Stakeholders to advance the cause of ending Commercial Sexual Exploitation of minor victims in the State of Maharashtra. Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai 5 Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai 7 Pramod D. Ambekar Maharashtra Judicial Academy & Indian Joint Director Mediation Centre & Training Institute Pramod D. Ambekar UttanMaharashtra Gorai Road, Judicial Uttan, Academy Bhayander & Indian (W) Joint Director Dist.Mediation Thane, Centre Pin: 401106 & Training Institute Uttan Gorai Road, Uttan, Bhayander (W) Dist. Thane, Pin: 401106 Foreword According to the National Crimes Bureau thereForeword has been a 95.5% increase in the number of Trafficking Cases registered from 2011 to 2015. While this may seem alarming in some aspects, it appears encouraging Accordingto law enforcement to the National agencies Crimes over Bureauthe aspect there of hasincreased been a reporting95.5% increase and increased in the number identification of Trafficking of the Casesoffence registered of trafficking. from 2011This tostudy 2015. by While International this may Justice seem alarming Mission in(IJM) some India, aspects, gives it appearsall who encouragingwork in law toenforcement, law enforcement namely agencies the police over andthe aspectJudiciary of increaseda clear understandingreporting and increasedof the current identification situation of andthe offencedevelopment of trafficking. in the modus This operandistudy by Internationalof the crime of Justice Commercial Mission Sexual (IJM) Exploitation India, gives (CSE). all who work in law enforcement, namely the police and Judiciary a clear understanding of the current situation and developmentThe IJM study in thehas modus focused operandi all two of theaspects crime of of Commercial SexualSexual Exploitation Exploitation, (CSE). firstly , the public establishments- which are the more easily identified bars and brothels, and secondly, the more covert Theprivate IJM networks study haswhich focused run in hotels,all two rented aspects private of Commercial residences andSexual owned Exploitation, residences. firstlyThis identification, the public establishments-in itself will prove which 10 be are extremel the morey useful easily in identifiedunderstanding bars howand organizedbrothels, andthe crimesecondly, of human the more trafficking covert privatehas become. networks which run in hotels, rented private residences and owned residences. This identification in itself will prove 10 be extremely useful in understanding how organized the crime of human trafficking hasSuch become. a study gives perspective on how the special laws and procedures, The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, 1956, The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 and the anti-trafficking sections of Suchthe Indian a study Penal gives Code perspective (45 of 1860) on how have the and special can belaws used and to procedures, bring an end The to Immoralthe menace Traffic of Commercial Prevention Act,Sexual 1956, Exploitation The Protection in Mumbai. of Children The from interviews Sexual Offences of survivors Act, 2012 of Sexand theTrafficking anti-trafficking has academically sections of thedocumented Indian Penal the force,Code coercion,(45 of 1860) or deception have and usedcan bein usedleading to bothbring women an end andto the children menace into of exploitation.Commercial SexualIt has thus Exploitation given an insight in Mumbai. into the Therecruitment, interviews movement, of survivors the 'conditioning of Sex Trafficking period', andhas overall academically day-to- documentedday exploitation the inforce, the trade.coercion, or deception used in leading both women and children into exploitation. It has thus given an insight into the recruitment, movement, the 'conditioning period', and overall day-to- dayWhile exploitation steps have in been the trade.taken by the police and courts to curb this evil there is a lot more to be done. The recommendations of tile study supports the joint efforts that need to be taken by the various arms of the Whilegovernment steps haveand civilbeen societytaken by design the pol a icemulti and-disciplinary courts to curb strategy this evilfor thereeffectively is a lot and more sustainably to be done. ending The recommendationssexual exploitation, of tackling tile study both supports the demand the joint and efforts supply that side need of to the be sextaken trade. by the As variousit has been arms rightly of the governmentendorsed by theand study, civil society"Any strategy design woulda multi need-disciplinary to include strategy inter-state for collaborations effectively and with sustainably police and ending other governmentsexual exploitation, entities tacklingand should both consider the demand inter -andagency supply collaboration side of the for sex addressing trade. As howit has corporate been rightly and privateendorsed business by the study,enable "Any or benefit strategy from would the sexneed trade." to include inter-state collaborations with police and other government entities and should consider inter-agency collaboration for addressing how corporate and privateThe Maharashtra business enable Judicial or benefitAcademy from appreciates the sex trade." the dedicated investment IJM has made in documenting their findings through this report. It will certainly be an important reference source for the development in Thelegislation Maharashtra and policy Judicial as well Academy as training appreciates curriculum the for dedicated government investment officials. IJM has made in documenting their findings through this report. It will certainly be an important reference source for the development in legislationThanking you. and policy as well as training curriculum for government officials. Thanking you. Yours faithfully, Yours faithfully, Pramod D. Ambekar Joint Director Pramod D. Ambekar Joint Director Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai 9 Dr. P.M. Nair LL.B., Ph.D. Tata Institute of Social Sciences Chair Professor V.N. Purav Marg, Deonar I.P.SDr. P.M. Retired Nair LL.B., Ph.D. Mumbai,Tata Institute Maharashtra of Social 400088Sciences Chair Professor V.N. Purav Marg, Deonar I.P.S Retired Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 10 May, 2017 10 May, 2017 Foreword Irrefutable is the fact that human traffickingForeword is demand-driven. In the dark world of human slavery, traffickers and exploiters know how to create and perpetuate demand, changing the patterns, dimensions andIrrefutable modus operandi.is the fact Undoubtedly, that human anytrafficking meaningful is demand and deterrent-driven. action In the to dark address world human of human trafficking slavery, has totraffickers