Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics 13-27981 ISBN 978-92-1-161571-5 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division Studies in Methods, Series F No. 111 Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics asdfI United Nations New York, 2016 Department of Economic and Social Affairs The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and na- tional action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, gener- ates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Note The designations used and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or con- cerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. The designations “developed regions” and “developing regions” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particu- lar country or area in the development process. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/111 United Nations publication Sales No. E.13.XVII.9 ISBN: 978-92-1-161571-5 Copyright © United Nations, 2016 All rights reserved Printed in United Nations, NY iii Preface Gender equality has been increasingly recognized as being essential to the process of sus- tainable development and the formulation of effective national development policies and programmes. The demand for gender statistics has increased over the years owing to inter- national conventions and gender mainstreaming in policies. However, while many national statistical offices have attempted to establish and succeeded in establishing sound gender statistics programmes, additional guidance is needed to improve the availability of data and to ensure a proper mainstreaming of gender issues in all areas of official statistics. These concerns have been reflected in the statistical work of the United Nations. The United Nations Statistics Division has led many of the technical developments in the field of gender statistics since the early 1980s. Over the years, the Division has actively supported gender statistics programmes around the world, providing leadership particularly in the production of technical materials and the compilation of statistics. In an effort to revamp gender statistics programmes around the world, the Division, in collaboration with the United Nations Pop- ulation Fund and the World Bank, established the Inter‐agency and Expert Group on Gender Statistics (IAEG‐GS) in 2006 and has subsequently convened various editions of the Global Forum on Gender Statistics to help to chart the path for further work in this field. The present manual was prepared following the recommendation of IAEG‐GS in 2009 and the request made by the United Nations Statistical Commission at its forty‐second session in 2011(see E/2011/24‐E/CN.3/2011/37). Recognizing that the systematic integration of gender in regular statistical programmes is still missing in many countries, the present manual aims to foster a gender perspective in national statistics. It provides information needed to accomplish three main goals: (a) to achieve a comprehensive coverage of gender issues in data production activities; (b) to incorporate a gender perspective into the design of surveys or censuses, by taking into account gender issues and avoiding gender biases in measurement; and (c) to improve data analysis and data pres- entation and to deliver gender statistics in a format that is easy to use by policymakers and planners. The manual is targeted primarily at statisticians working in less developed national statistical systems. It can also be used as a resource manual for training in gender statistics. The present manual supplements and brings up‐to‐date the extensive work on gender statis- tics carried out by the United Nations and its specialized agencies, other international organi- zations and national statistical offices. The manual acknowledges important milestones in the development of training materials on gender statistics, including the following comprehen- sive manuals: Engendering Statistics: A Tool for Change (Hedman, Perucci and Sundström, 1996); Handbook for Producing National Statistical Reports on Women and Men (United Nations, 1997); and “Developing gender statistics: a practical tool” (United Nations, Eco- nomic Commission for Europe, and World Bank Institute, 2010). The present manual was produced on the basis of collaborative efforts. IAEG‐GS initiated the process of developing the manual and provided guidance on its structure and content. The Statistics Division, with the assistance of Ms. Ionica Berevoescu as consultant to the Divi- sion’s secretariat, prepared the manual. Additional feedback was provided during two regional training workshops, which used materials from the draft manual, held in Kampala in 2012 and in Chiba, Japan, in 2013. The present manual is also available online, in the form of a wiki platform (http://unstats.un- .org/unsd/genderstatmanual). The dedicated wiki platform has been developed in such a way as to ensure a wide reach and distribution to potential users in national statistical offices as well as in other national and international agencies. The flexible design of the platform allows iv Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics for frequent updates and enhancement of the content to reflect the most recent developments in gender statistics. v Abbreviation and Acronyms BMI Body mass index CFSVA Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis CWIQ Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire DHS Demographic and Health Survey EU‐SILC European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FGM Female genital mutilation GDP Gross domestic product ICT Information and communications technology IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development ILO International Labour Organization ISCED International Standard Classification of Education ISCO International Standard Classification of Occupations ITU International Telecommunication Union LFS Labour force survey LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study LSMS‐ISA Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Survey on Agriculture MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey NGO Non‐governmental organization OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development SNA System of National Accounts UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UN Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization vi Table of Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................... iii Abbreviation and Acronyms ................................................................................... v I. Users, uses and production of gender statistics: an overview .................... 1 What are gender statistics? ........................................................................................................................1 Users and uses of gender statistics ...........................................................................................................3 Production of gender statistics .................................................................................................................4 Mainstreaming a gender perspective in statistics ..........................................................................5 Implications of gender mainstreaming in statistics at the organizational level ..............................7 A guide to the present manual ..................................................................................................................9 Background: existing manuals and training resources on gender statistics ....................................9 Purpose and audience of the present manual .............................................................................11 References .................................................................................................................................................12 II. Bringing