2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director 6 About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 7 Country Disaster Response Handbook Series Overview 8 Executive Summary 10 Country Overview 12 Culture 12 Demographics 13 Ethnic Makeup 13 Key Population Centers 14 Vulnerable Groups 14 Economics 15 Environment 16 Borders 16 Geography 16 Climate 17 Disaster Overview 20 Hazards 20 Natural 20 Infectious Disease 24 Government Structure for Disaster Management 26 Mongolia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 3 National 26 Laws, Policies, and Plans on Disaster Management 28 Government Capacity and Capability 32 Education Programs 33 Disaster Management Communications 35 Early Warning 35 Military Role in Disaster Relief 37 Foreign Military Assistance 37 Foreign Assistance and International Partners 37 Foreign Assistance Logistics 40 Infrastructure 44 Airports 44 Seaports 45 Land Routes 46 Roads 46 Bridges 47 Railways 48 Schools 48 Communications 48 Utilities 49 Power 49 Health 54 Overview 54 Structure 55 Legal 56 Health System 57 Public Healthcare 58 Private Healthcare 58 4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Hospitals 59 Challenges in the Healthcare System 59 Outbreaks 60 Communicable Diseases 60 Non-communicable Diseases 60 Training for Health Professionals 60 Conclusion 62 Appendices 64 Disaster Statistics 64 Disaster Management Laws and Guidelines 65 Department of Defense DMHA Engagements in the Past Five Years (FY 2009-2013) 65 Disaster Management Partners in Mongolia 68 Force Protection/Pre-Deployment information 72 Acronyms and Abbreviations 75 HFA Country Progress Report 78 Sum. of the Mongolia Nat. Prog. Rep. on the Impl. of Hyogo Frmwrk. for Act. (09-11) 79 Mongolia Nat. Prog. Report on the Impl. of Hyogo Frmwrk. for Act. (09-11) 80 Country Profile 82 Indices 93 End Notes 95 Mongolia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 5 Welcome - Note from the Director C E IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT & HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE Dear Reader, The Center for Excellence in Disaster Manage- ment and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA) has a mandate to provide and facilitate education, training, and research in civil-military operations, particularly operations that require international disaster management and humanitarian assistance and operations that require coordination between the Department of Defense and other agencies. In line with that mandate, CFE has conducted research to create reference books on disaster management roles, processes, capabilities and vulnerabilities. This Disaster Management Reference Handbook Series is designed to provide decision makers, plan- ners and responders a comprehensive understand- ing of in-country disaster management plans and structures, including information on key domestic disaster response entities, basic country background, and local and international humanitarian organiza- tions present in the country. CFE produces country reference books to provide a commonly available baseline of information regarding disaster manage- ment environments. Many places in the Pacific Basin are subject to a variety of disasters including floods, droughts, and landslides, and these handbooks provide a context for country-specific factors that influence disaster management. This reference book has been compiled by CFE from publicly available sources. It is a working document and will be periodically updated to reflect changes in information. We request your feedback to improve this document and help fill any gaps to enhance its future utility. Please send any feedback or questions to [email protected]. Sincerely, Col Joseph D. Martin Director 6 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance C E IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT & HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE Information about the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Overview Contact Information The Center for Excellence in Disaster Man- Center for Excellence in Disaster Management agement and Humanitarian Assistance is a U.S. and Humanitarian Assistance Department of Defense organization that was 456 Hornet Ave established by U.S. Congress in 1994 and is a JBPHH HI 96860-3503 direct reporting unit to U.S. Pacific Command. Telephone: (808) 472-0518 The Center is located on Ford Island, Joint Base http://www.cfe-dmha.org Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. The Asia-Pacific region is our priority of effort and collaboration is the cornerstone of our operational practice. CFE-DMHA was founded because of a world- wide need based on lessons learned in complex humanitarian emergencies that took place in the Balkans, the African Great Lakes Region, Soma- lia and the Middle East since the beginning to mid-1980s. The need was for integrated educa- tion, training, certification, operational research, and interagency cooperation and coordination among many agencies and organizations, both civilian and military, to provide relief and re- gional stability. Our Mission Facilitate collaborative partnerships, conduct applied research, and develop education, train- ing, and information sharing programs in order to enhance U.S. and international civil-military preparedness, knowledge, and performance in disaster management and humanitarian assis- tance. Vision Promote excellence in disaster management by connecting people, improving coordination, and building capability. Mongolia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 7 Map of Mongolia Lake Baikal RUSSIAN FEDERATION Chita O b Irkutsk ' Yenisey 3492 Turt Ulan-Ude Hövsgöl Slyudyanka HÖVSGÖL Nuur Uvs Nuur 3351 2396 Bulgan ' Ulaangom Hatgal un g n r 4374 Sühbaatar o Ereetsav A Dzel n KAZAKH. Youyi Feng O Tsagaannuur Ha SELENGE Dulaanhaan an n hö Mörön Mörö dz Hyargas hi Dzur Halban BULGAN ge Ul Dashbalbar y U en Hulun Nur BAYAN- Nuur ul el A Ölgiy S Darhan Sümiyn Bulag Hutag Javarthushuu ÖLGIY 4208 UVS Hödrögö Erdenet l Cast Uul Baruunharaa l t Tolbo Songino Ideriyn ol Bulgan n Go Go y G Qno Urgamal Tosontsengel l u Dzüünharaa uu a n ur a N H Ohron Gol Tünchel jn Bajan i Har Nuur nte Hovd DZAVHAN he Choybalsan Buir Döröö Nuur C HENTIY Nuur M Har Us H Horgo ULAAN BAATAR (ULAN BATOR) Nuur 3797 a Berh Jargalant Dza n Bajan-Ovoo vhant Uliastay g Tamsabulag o Hayrhan Gol a ARHANGAY Chadaasan u 4021 y n Dzuunmod Nalayh DORNOD Bayan Otgon Tenger Uul N Öndörhaan n u Tsetserleg K Jargalant 4362 r erul t Bulgan u Harhorin TÖV en 4090 u Baruun Urt HOVD a Sutay Uul Tsagaan-Olom Dzag Hujirt Bürebhayrhan i Dzüyl n 3019 Altay Choyr Chonogol s Ulaan-Uul Arvayheer Bor-Üdzüür O Har-Ayrag ng Sangiyn G Bayanhongor iyn i c Biger G h g o 3739 e Böön Tsagaan l Dalay Mandalgovi n i SÜHBAATAR Alag Hayrhan Uul y n 3772 Nuur N u r Bayangbulag Buyant-Uhaa GOVI-ALTAY u u ÖVÖRHANGAY 3802 3951 DUNDGOVI Saynshand G 3590 Hovd Ürümqi o v i (INNER A BAYANHONGOR l t DORNOGOVI a y Bulgan n Uydzin Dzamin Uüd Qagan Nur Dalai Nur N u Hövsgöl r u Dalay u MONGOLIA) (SINKIANG) G Dalandzadgad Hövüün t o Ihbulag r b i e D e s Sulanheer Gaxun Nur ÖMNÖGOVI Sogo Nur National Capital (760,000 In 2000) over 80,000 over 70,000 Ulansuhai Nur over 15,000 Lop Nur (INNER Hohhot other main city Peking Jartai Yanchi r Baotou other city e iv R A Datong w MONGOLIA) o Chief town of province l l e Y Tianjin Municipality N Bo Hai 0 km 90 180 270 km C I Ayakkum Hu H Yinchuan Shijiazhuang Taiyuan local NGOs, and key U.S. agencies and programs Disaster Management in the country, are also provided. The overall aim is to provide a guide that brings together impor- Reference Handbook tant information about disaster management and response for each country in an effort to provide Series Overview a basic understanding for the reader. The Disaster Management Reference Hand- Information in the handbooks are compiled book Series is intended to provide decision and based primarily on trusted, reliable, publicly- makers, planners, responders and disaster man- available sources. Much of the information used agement practitioners with an overview of the is from U.S. or other government sources, UN disaster management structure, policies, laws, sources, NGO websites, scholarly references, and plans for each country covered in the series. foreign government websites, and various media Overviews of natural and man-made threats most sources. likely to affect the country are discussed. The Whenever further information available may handbooks also provide basic country back- be relevant, a link to the original internet source ground information, including cultural, demo- is provided. Each handbook is a working docu- graphic, geographic, infrastructure and other ment and will be updated periodically as new, basic country data. Endemic conditions such as significant information becomes available. Con- poverty, water and sanitation, food security and structive feedback is requested to further refine other humanitarian issues are included. A basic this document. overview of the health situation in the country We hope that you find these handbooks infor- and disease surveillance is also covered. mative, reliable and useful in understanding di- The handbooks include information on key saster management and response for this country. national entities involved in disaster manage- For comments, questions or to request additional ment, disaster response and preparation, and printed copies of our Disaster Managment Refer- the military’s role in disaster relief is discussed. ence Handbooks please contact the Center for Information