Grapes of Knowledge Vulić, Vesna Authored book / Autorska knjiga Publication status / Verzija rada: Published version / Objavljena verzija rada (izdavačev PDF) Publication year / Godina izdavanja: 2017 Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:112:121491 Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-09 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Polytechnic in Pozega - Polytechnic in Pozega Graduate Thesis Repository Vesna Vulić Grapes of Knowledge English for First and Second–Year Students of Viniculture – Encompassing Grape Growing and Winemaking, Fruit Growing and Food Technology Second revised edition Požega, 2017. Autor: Vesna Vulić Naslov: Grapes of Knowledge Second revised edition Nakladnik: Veleučilište u Požegi Recenzenti: mr. sc. Josip Mesić, v. pred. Tania Blažević, prof. v. pred. Lektor: Tania Blažević, prof. v. pred. Grafičko oblikovanje: Manuel Del Vechio, struč.spec.oec. ISBN 978-953-7744-30-4 __________________________________________________________________________ Objavljivanje ovog udžbenika odobrilo je Stručno vijeće Veleučilišta u Požegi na 20. sjednici u akademskoj godini 2016. /2017. održanoj 11. srpnja 2017. godine. __________________________________________________________________________ Sva prava pridržana. Niti jedan dio udžbenika ne smije se reproducirati u bilo kojem obliku bez prethodnog dopuštenja autora, osim u slučajevima kratkih navoda u člancima. Mother planet is showing us the red warning light- “be careful”-she is saying. To take care of the planet is to take care of our own house. The Dalai Lama Preface Grapes of Knowledge is designed to meet the needs of first and second-year Agriculture students whose mother tongue is Croatian. The book could also be of interest to college and university staff and other students and professionals who wish to develop and improve their knowledge of vocabulary in agriculture. The book is suitable for learners who are at an intermediate level of English (or B1 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages). In this revised edition of the textbook we have updated many of the texts and information they bring. Some new texts and exercises have also been added. The glossary has been expanded accordingly. This textbook is composed of nine units consisting of topics primarily selected on the basis of their relevance to the knowledge that students already possess in their mother tongue, and it is closely related to the first and second-year syllabus. We have made an effort to give students both an opportunity to see key language in context and to expand their knowledge by providing a range of alternative words and expressions suitable for use in a particular context. The exercises developed around the central theme of each unit give ample opportunities to review and practice important grammar and vocabulary in both spoken and written context. There is a variety of stimulating activities which can be done individually or co-operatively in pairs or small groups. A number of exercises focus on deducing lexical meaning via word formation, synonyms, antonyms etc. and can be used as a self-study. The book aims to increase students' skills and confidence in using English in particular contexts, as well as to activate the acquired knowledge through which they can express themselves naturally in contemporary English. I express my gratitude to my friends, colleagues and students for their valuable comments, suggestions and advice. Above all, I am indebted to my family who inspired me and was supportive of my work. Author CONTENTS Preface 4 Contents 5 Abbreviations, signs, textual and grammatical notification 10 Unit 1: Nature and the Environment 11 A Starting up 12 B Reading and Speaking 13 Ecology Ecosystem Ecology C Language Use 17 Revitalising Socio-ecological Production Landscapes D Language Review 21 Adjectives Seeds of the Future: How Investment in Classical Breeding Can Support Sustainable Agriculture Modal auxiliaries E Skills 26 Taking Notes from the Video F Reading and Speaking 30 A Blanket around the Earth G Language Review 34 Adverbs H Reading and Language 36 Carlo Petrini: The Slow Food Gourmet Who Started a Revolution European Food Safety Control System: New Perspectives on a Harmonized Legal Basis I Reading and Speaking 41 Fair Trade Fair Trade Movement Fair Trade Day J Language Review 45 Discourse Markers as Sentence Openers K The Lighter Side 46 Food Idioms Unit 2: Sowing the Seeds of Change 47 A Starting up 48 B Reading and Speaking 50 Agriculture Agriculture in Croatia C Language Review 53 Numbers D Reading and Language 56 Meeting New Needs of EU Farmers E Language Use 57 Collocations F Reading and Speaking 59 CAP at a Glance G Language Use 62 Abbreviations H Reading and Speaking 65 Shining Path or Perilous Road? I Language Review 71 Parts of Speech J Skills 71 Summarising a Written Text K The Lighter Side 74 The GREEN game Unit 3: Selection of the Fittest 75 A Starting up 76 B Reading and Speaking 77 The History of Grapevine Cultivation C Writing Skills 82 Writing Sentences D Reading and Language 82 The Last Supper Grapevine Photosynthesis Factors Limiting Photosynthesis E Language Review 91 Latin Plurals F Skills 93 Presentations G Reading and Speaking 98 Grape Varieties H Reading and Speaking 103 The Annual Life Cycle of Grapevines I The Lighter Side 107 Hidden Trees Unit 4: The Art of Winemaking 108 A Starting up 109 Professions Related to Wine B Reading and Speaking 110 Introduction to Chemistry C Language Use 111 Collocations D Language Review 115 Passive Voice E Reading and Speaking 116 Soil and Its Influence on Wine Quality Morphology of Grapevine Grape Ripeness F Language Use 120 Gerund and Infinitive G Reading and Language 123 Manual or Mechanical Harvesting Winter Harvest of Grapes Turning Grapes into Wine H Skills 127 Handling Difficult Situations Fermentation I Language Use 131 British vs American English J The Lighter Side 134 Electronic messaging Unit 5: Bottling and Aging 135 A Starting up 136 Drinking Terms B Reading and Speaking 137 Aging C Language Use 138 Idioms D Reading and Language 139 Barrels Bottling E Language Review 144 Base and Strong Adjectives Dwarves and Giants F Reading and Speaking 145 Providing a Tight Seal Cork G Reading and Speaking 149 Wine Labelling H Skills 153 Essay Writing I The Lighter Side 159 Colloquial Comparisons Unit 6: Secrets of the Senses 160 A Starting up 161 The EU Wine Regulations B Reading and Speaking 163 Wine Laws C Language Review 165 Word Formation: Negatives D Reading and Speaking 167 The Smell of Wine What Is the Wine Aroma Wheel? From Cocoa Bean to Cocoa Liquor and from Cocoa Liquor to Chocolate E Language Review 173 Indirect Speech Homonyms, Homophones and Homographs F Reading and Language 175 The Taste of Wine Wine Tasting The Chemical Composition of Wine: What Chemicals Are in Wine? G Skills 181 Academic Writing Skills H Reading and Language 184 The Colour of Wine I Skills 187 Active Listening J Reading and Speaking 188 Wine and Health Health and Nutrition Benefits of Drinking Red and White Wine K The Lighter Side 192 Making Use of a PEN Unit 7: Serving and Drinking Tips 193 A Starting up 194 Serving and Drinking Temperatures B Reading and Speaking 197 Bringing Wine to the Correct Temperature Decanting Makes a Difference C Skills 199 Putting People at Ease Small Talk D Reading and Language 201 Content Determines the Shape Wine Glasses E Language Review 204 Antonyms and Synonyms F Reading and Speaking 204 An Oenologist A Sommelier G Skills 207 Taking Notes from the Video and Answering the Questions H Reading and Speaking 110 The Marriage of Food and Wine Culture and Tradition I The Lighter Side 219 Half Full or Half Empty? Unit 8: Grow and Shine 220 A Starting up 221 How Botanists Classify Fruit B Reading and Language 224 Growing Fruit Caring for the Crop Harvesting C Reading and Speaking 229 Marketing Fruit D Skills 233 Writing Meeting Minutes E Language Review 234 Fruit Quiz Dormancy F Reading and Speaking 237 Vegetative Propagation Methods of Grafting G The Lighter Side 245 Word Pies Unit 9: Fruit Mosaic 246 A Starting up 247 B Reading and Language 248 Choosing the Right Type C Reading and Speaking 250 The Apple D Language Review 252 Visuals in Written Communication Describing Charts and Graphs E Reading and Speaking 257 The Big Apple The Pear F Skills 260 How to Write a Successful Motivation Letter G Reading and Speaking 262 The Plum H Reading and Language 264 Fruit Processing Fresh Fruit Storage Packaging Fruit Juice Fruit Jam, Jelly, Marmalade and Compote Brandy I The Lighter Side 275 Fruit and Vegetable Idioms Glossary 276 References 314 Abbreviations, signs, textual and grammatical notification: Kratice, znakovi, tekstualne i gramatičke oznake: n - noun (imenica) v - verb (glagol) adj - adjective (pridjev) adv - adverb (prilog) aux - auxiliary verb (pomoćni glagol) sth - something (nešto) sb - somebody (netko) suffix - sufiks, dometak, nastavak (u tvorbi riječi) prefix - prefiks, predmetak (u tvorbi riječi) esp - especially (posebno, osobito) fig - figuratively (u prenesenom smislu) usu - usually (obično) BC - before Christ (prije Krista) AD - Latin Anno Domini (in the year) –godine, ljeta gospodnjeg, naše ere e.g. - Latin exempli gratia (for example) – na primjer vs - Latin versus (against, as opposed to) – nasuprot, protiv above - u tekstu gore (tj. koji prethodi) below - u tekstu dolje (tj. koji slijedi) para. - paragraph (odlomak) UNIT 1 Nature and the Environment Photo courtesy of D. Nedela “The first law of ecology is that everything is related to everything else.” Barry Commoner (1917 – 2012), American biologist A Starting up Word formation The suffix –ology refers to the study of something, especially something scientific, and is used in the names of many fields of study. Recognising suffixes can help you understand the meaning of many words. 1 Match each of the following sciences to its field of study.