Our Bonds of Oneness There are total 28 states and 8 union territories (UT's) in India as of April 2020. * Each state follows its own culture, traditions, festivals and language as well. * There are certain things which shows similarity in all aspects in all the states. * They make us one. The National Flag of India:- The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. * By law, the flag is to be made of khadi. * There are 3 colours in the national flag and it is commonly known as Tiranga (meaning tri-colour). * The three colours are Saffron, White, and Green. * Saffron: The saffron colour of the flag is a symbol of courage and sacrifice. * White: The white colour represents honesty, peace, and purity. * Green stands for faith and fertility. Adopted: 22 July 1947; 72 years ago Designed by: Pingali Venkayya National Pledge of India:- * P. V. Subba Rao composed the National Pledge in Telugu in 1962 while he was serving as the District Treasury Officer of Vishakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh. * It was first read out in a school in Visakhapatnam in 1963. * Government of India at its meeting in Bangalore in 1964 decided to introduce the pledge in all schools nationally from January 26, 1965. P. V. Subba Rao National Song:- * "Vande Mataram“ (Transl- Mother, I bow to thee) is a Sanskrit poem written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1870s, which he included in his 1882 novel Anandamath. * The poem was first sung by Rabindranath Tagore in 1896. * On 24 January, 1950, the Constituent Assembly of India has adopted "Vande Mataram" as National Song. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee :- National Emblem:- * A national emblem is an official emblem or seal reserved for use by a nation state as a symbol of that nation. * We can see this on government documents, papers, bonds. * The National Emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital, originally found atop the Ashoka Column at Sarnath, established in 250 BC. * The capital has four Asiatic lions—symbolising power, courage, pride and confidence—seated on a circular abacus. * The abacus has sculptures of a bull, a horse, a lion and an elephant National Anthem:- .