Course: SELECTED CHAPTERS OF CZECH AND WORLD HISTORY Author: Aleš Binar, Ph.D. Contents 1 French Revolution and Revolutionary Wars 1789 to 1815 .............................................................. 8 1.1 Ancien régime ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Estates-General 1789 ............................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Revolutionary France 1789 to 1793 .................................................................................... 10 1.4 Revolutionary Terror 1793 and 1794 .................................................................................. 12 1.5 First Coalition 1794 to 1797 ................................................................................................ 14 1.6 Revolutionary France 1794 to 1799 .................................................................................... 14 1.7 Bonaparte’s Coup D’état 1799 ............................................................................................ 15 1.8 Napoleon Bonaparte ........................................................................................................... 16 1.9 Napoleonic France 1799 to 1814/1815 ............................................................................... 16 1.10 Third Coalition 1803 to 1805 ............................................................................................. 17 1.11 Battle of Austerlitz 1805 .................................................................................................... 17 1.12 Fourth Coalition 1806 and 1807 ........................................................................................ 18 1.13 Austrian Campaign 1809 ................................................................................................... 19 1.14 Russian Campaign 1812 ..................................................................................................... 20 1.15 Fifth Coalition 1812 to 1815 .............................................................................................. 20 1.16 Congress of Vienna 1814 and 1815 ................................................................................... 21 1.17 Hundred Days of 1815 ....................................................................................................... 21 1.18 Summary of Chapter ......................................................................................................... 23 1.19 Recommended sources ..................................................................................................... 24 2 Nationalism 1815 to 1848 and Revolutions of 1848–1849 ............................................................ 25 2.1 Congress System .................................................................................................................. 25 2.2 Sources of Nationalism ........................................................................................................ 26 2.3 Nationalism in Germany ...................................................................................................... 27 2.4 Nationalism in Italy .............................................................................................................. 28 2.5 Young Europe ...................................................................................................................... 29 2.6 Liberalism ............................................................................................................................ 30 2.7 Revolutions of 1830 ............................................................................................................. 31 2.8 Nationalism in Poland and November Revolution .............................................................. 32 2.9 Revolution of 1848 and 1849 .............................................................................................. 33 2.10 Revolution of 1848 and 1849 in Italy ................................................................................ 33 2.11 Revolution of 1848 and 1849 in France ............................................................................. 34 2 2.12 Revolutions of 1848 and 1849 in Central Europe .............................................................. 35 2.13 Excursus: Revolution of 1848 and 1849 and the Czech Lands .......................................... 36 2.14 Summary of Chapter ......................................................................................................... 37 2.15 Recommended Sources ..................................................................................................... 38 3 The Rise of National States and Establishing of Antagonist Blocs from 1848 to 1914 .................. 39 3.1 Unification of Italy 1859 to 1870 ......................................................................................... 39 3.2 January Uprising 1863 ......................................................................................................... 41 3.3 Wars for Unification of Germany ........................................................................................ 41 3.4 Emancipation of Hungarians ............................................................................................... 44 3.5 Balkan and Ottoman Issue ................................................................................................... 45 3.6 Bismarck’s System ............................................................................................................... 46 3.7 Socialism .............................................................................................................................. 47 3.8 Integral Nationalism ............................................................................................................ 48 3.9 Representative Democracy ................................................................................................. 49 3.10 Excursus: Suffrage in Czech Lands ..................................................................................... 49 3.11 Colonialism ........................................................................................................................ 50 3.12 Forming of the Triple Alliance ........................................................................................... 50 3.13 Forming of Entente ............................................................................................................ 51 3.14 Military Conflicts in the Beginning of 20th Century .......................................................... 51 3.15 Balkan Wars 1912 to 1913 ................................................................................................. 52 3.16 Summary of Chapter ......................................................................................................... 53 3.17 Recommended Sources ..................................................................................................... 54 4 First World War 1914 to 1918 ........................................................................................................ 55 4.1 Roots of First World War ..................................................................................................... 55 4.2 Declaration of War .............................................................................................................. 56 4.3 Periodization and Characteristics of First World War ......................................................... 57 4.4 Manoeuvring War 1914 ....................................................................................................... 58 4.5 Trench Warfare 1914 ........................................................................................................... 59 4.6 Trench Warfare 1915 ........................................................................................................... 59 4.7 Trench Warfare 1916 ........................................................................................................... 60 4.8 Trench Warfare 1917 ........................................................................................................... 62 4.9 Final Stage of War 1918....................................................................................................... 62 4.10 Armistice and Peace 1918 to 1920 .................................................................................... 64 4.11 Overall Results of First World War .................................................................................... 64 3 4.12 Summary of Chapter ......................................................................................................... 66 4.13 Recommended Sources ..................................................................................................... 67 5 Interwar Period 1918 to 1939 ........................................................................................................ 68 5.1 Paris Peace Conference ....................................................................................................... 68 5.2 Peace Treaty ........................................................................................................................ 69 5.3 Changes of Borders in Europe ............................................................................................. 70 5.4 Versailles-Washington System 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