Cambridge IGCSE™ *4882101029* ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 0680/23 Paper 2 Management in Context October/November 2020 1 hour 45 minutes You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 80. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. This document has 24 pages. Blank pages are indicated. DC (LK/CGW) 193259/3 © UCLES 2020 [Turn over 2 world map showing the location of mainland United States of America, USA USA Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Area of USA: 9.83 million km2 Population of USA: 326 million (in 2018) Children per woman: 1.87 Life expectancy: 80 years Currency: USD Language: English and Spanish © UCLES 2020 0680/23/O/N/20 3 map of state of Florida N r r e e v v i i R R a l o c r i e v h i R c R e e l a a l e e a a n n p p ATLANTIC n n A A a OCEAN w u S S t J o h n s R iv e r GULF OF MEXICO Lake Okeechobee Key state boundary line state capital Everglades National Park major road s ey 0 100 a K major river Florid km Climate of Florida: humid and subtropical in north, tropical in south Terrain of Florida: low-lying with many lakes and rivers, hills in the north, wetlands in the Everglades, flat around the coastline with coral reefs and sandbars, a chain of islands in the south called the Florida Keys Main economic activities of Florida: aircraft, electronic products, citrus fruit, tomatoes, phosphate for fertilisers, tourism Florida is a state in the south-east of the USA. It has an area of 170 305 km2, with 2 170 km of coastline. It is the third most populous state in the USA, with a population of 21.3 million in 2018. Florida has the highest percentage of people over 65 in the USA: 17% of the population of Florida are over 65. Tourism is the largest money-earning sector of Florida’s economy. Florida is the largest producer of citrus fruit in the USA. © UCLES 2020 0680/23/O/N/20 [Turn over 4 1 (a) (i) The population of Florida in 2016 was 18.8 million people. Calculate the percentage increase in the population of Florida from 2016 to 2018. ...................................................... % [2] (ii) Suggest two impacts of the increasing population on the state of Florida. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (iii) State two strategies for managing human population size. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2] (b) The table shows climate data for a weather station in southern Florida. month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec average high 24 24 26 27 29 31 32 32 31 29 27 24 temperature / °C average low 18 19 20 22 24 26 27 27 26 24 22 19 temperature / °C average daily 7 8 9 10 9 9 10 9 8 8 7 7 sunshine / hours © UCLES 2020 0680/23/O/N/20 5 (i) The range of the average low temperature is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value. Calculate the range of the average low temperature at this weather station. ..................................................... °C [1] (ii) Plot a bar chart of the average daily hours of sunshine. [4] (iii) Use the climate data to explain why Florida is a good location for growing crops such as tomatoes. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] © UCLES 2020 0680/23/O/N/20 [Turn over 6 (c) The map shows the height above sea level of the land in Florida. N ATLANTIC OCEAN GULF OF MEXICO Key height above sea level 0 – 10 m 11 – 44 m 0 100 45 – 180 m km (i) Suggest reasons why some people living in Florida are concerned about climate change. Use the map to support your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2020 0680/23/O/N/20 7 (ii) State one strategy for managing the causes of climate change. Explain how this strategy can reduce the effects of climate change. strategy ............................................................................................................................. explanation ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [3] (d) In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit Florida. Hurricane Irma was classed as a category 4 hurricane when it hit Florida. The table shows categories of hurricanes based on wind speed. category of hurricane wind speed in km / h 1 119 – 153 2 154 – 177 3 178 – 208 4 209 – 251 5 ≥ 252 (i) Use the table to suggest a wind speed for Hurricane Irma when it hit Florida. ................................................ km / h [1] © UCLES 2020 0680/23/O/N/20 [Turn over 8 (ii) The map shows the population density of Florida and the direction of Hurricane Irma. N ATLANTIC OCEAN GULF OF MEXICO Key population / km2 < 250 250 to 1299 1300 to 13 000 >13 000 state boundary 0 100 direction of Hurricane Irma km Use the map to suggest how Hurricane Irma caused damage to Florida. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2020 0680/23/O/N/20 9 (iii) Suggest ways Hurricane Irma affected Florida’s farming industry. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................