NSC 2019 - Round 03 - Tossups This round is sponsored by Alumni of Fisher Catholic Quiz Bowl 1. Silhouettes of one of these objects, as well as of a bird, a key, and a chalice, appear on the chest of a headless man in the painting The Liberator. A large one of these objects is next to a depiction of one of ​ ​ them on an easel in the painting The Two Mysteries. Yet another painting of one of these objects is at the ​ ​ Los Angeles County Museum of Art, was described by Michel Foucault as an "unraveled calligram," and was first exhibited under the title The Use of (*) Speech I ("one"). The question "could you stuff [one of these ​ ​ ​ ​ objects]" was asked by a Surrealist artist in response to a message he wrote in French below one of them. For 10 points, the message in the painting The Treachery of Images by Rene Magritte claims it does not depict what ​ ​ ​ ​ object? ANSWER: pipes [accept tobacco pipe or smoking pipe or an image of a pipe; accept "Ceci n'est pas un pipe" ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ or "This is not a pipe"] ​ ​ <Bentley, Fine Arts - Painting> 2. The Czech startup LEO hopes to benefit from a new "fourth package" from the European Commission that will liberalize this industry, which China plans to expand from "four-by-four" to "eight-by-eight" by 2035. The largest infrastructure project in Kenya's history was a China-backed SGR project in this industry that boosted Kenya's GDP by 1.5%. A minister who oversaw this industry, Liu Zhijun ("lyoo zhee-joon"), was sentenced to death for a 2011 incident in Wenzhou ("wun-joe") where 40 (*) ​ ​ ​ ​ people died. Creating a "Eurasian land bridge" for this industry has run into challenges due to different gauge sizes between China and Russia. Japan's Shinkansen is an example of, for 10 points, what industry that provides "bullet" ground links between cities such as Tianjin and Beijing? ANSWER: railroads [accept railways; accept high-speed rail or bullet trains or commuter rail; prompt on ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ transportation industry] ​ <Alston, Current Events - World> 3. This unnamed conflict's origins are the subject of a book by the scholars Edgar Branch and Robert Hirst. A character in this conflict asks the narrator a riddle about where Moses was when a candle went out. One side in this conflict lives in a home in which the tacky poem "Ode to Stephen Dowling Bots" hangs from its walls. This conflict climaxes after the narrator retrieves a Bible with the message "HALF (*) PAST TWO" written in it. The participants in this conflict listen to a church sermon about "brotherly-love" ​ while keeping their guns between their knees. In this conflict, a "colonel" and his sons are killed after young Sophia elopes with Harney. For 10 points, what deadly feud between two Kentuckian families is depicted in Huckleberry Finn? ​ ANSWER: the feud between the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons [accept any synonym for feud that ​ ​ ​ ​ mentions the two families; prompt on answers that do not mention the two families, such as the feud in ​ Huckleberry Finn] ​ <Jose, Literature - American> NSC 2019 - Round 03 - Page 1 of 13 4. A form of this technique that works on objects for which the well-founded relation holds is named for Emmy Noether. Augustin-Louis Cauchy used both the standard "forward" form of this technique and its alternative "backwards" form to prove the AM-GM inequality. This technique, which relies on the last of the Peano axioms to hold, is often used to show that "n times quantity n plus 1 all divided by 2" is a ​ ​ ​ ​ formula for the (*) positive natural numbers. In this technique, one assumes that some statement is true for ​ some input n, and shows that it is also true for n + 1 after having proved a base case. For 10 points, name this ​ ​ ​ ​ proof technique which shares its name with a type of logic that goes from the specific to the general. ANSWER: proof by induction [accept mathematical induction or inductive proof; prompt on proof] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ <Jose, Science - Math> 5. This man lost his highest post after a sermon by Anton Fister galvanized protesters who formed a 6,000-strong Academic Legion. This man published a pamphlet urging for defense against potential French attacks using the pseudonym "A Friend of Universal Peace," and he once remarked that Italy was "a geographical expression." In response to the murder of playwright August von Kotzebue ("KOT-zuh-boo"), this man ordered the closure of student Burschenschaften ("BOOR-sen-shoft-en") in the (*) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Carlsbad Degrees. This foreign minister's negotiations with Talleyrand at a conference discussing the organization of post-Napoleonic Europe established the Concert of Europe. For 10 points, name this conservative statesman who represented Austria at the Congress of Vienna. ANSWER: Klemens von Metternich [or Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince von ​ ​ Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein] ​ <Husar, History - European> 6. In a backstory, a character with this profession entertained a general even though the general was responsible for the death of his son Leonard in the Boer War. At the conclusion of a novel, a character in this profession hopes to "pleasantly surprise his boss" after he cries while viewing lights at a pier in Weymouth. A man with this profession is forced to fire two Jewish women in his employ after his boss starts hosting meetings attended by "Herr (*) Ribbentrop." An American named Mr. Farraday employs a ​ man of this profession in a 1989 novel that consists of the protagonist's recollection of his former employer, a Nazi-sympathizer named Lord Darlington. For 10 points, Mr. Stevens has what profession in Kazuo Ishiguro's novel The Remains of the Day? ​ ​ ANSWER: butlers [accept valets before "pleasantly"; prompt on house servant; prompt on house manager] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ <Jose, Literature - British> 7. Though this curve itself is not drawn in an Edgeworth Box, its points are isoquants where the marginal rates of technical substitution of participants in an Edgeworth Box are equal, since those points are also all on the contract curve. This curve's slope defines the marginal rate of transformation. This curve is typically concave to the origin, but the existence of economies of scale can cause it to instead bend inwards due to decreasing (*) opportunity costs. Points inside this curve are not at full employment, while ​ ​ ​ points outside it are unattainable for a firm or economy. A classic example of this curve uses guns and butter to illustrate tradeoffs. For 10 points, name this "frontier" that shows configurations of different potential outputs. ANSWER: production possibilities frontier [accept production-possibility frontier or production ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ possibilities curve; accept PPF or PPC] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ <Qian, Social Science - Economics> NSC 2019 - Round 03 - Page 2 of 13 8. This person gave a sermon about a man who is hit by a poisoned arrow, but cares more about the man who shot it than finding a surgeon. Another of this person's sermons occasioned a "ten-thousand-fold world-element" to burst forth from the heavens and allowed a king to become the first "stream-enterer." He helped a follower understand formlessness simply by holding up a (*) flower, a story exemplifying the ​ "perfection of wisdom" genre of his teachings. This deliverer of the Flower Sermon gave his first sermon at the Deer Park in Sarnath, where he stated that eliminating craving, desire, and attachment would lead to moksha ​ and the end of suffering. For 10 points, name this man who preached the Four Noble Truths of his namesake religion. ANSWER: The Buddha [accept Siddhartha Gautama or Siddhartha Gautama or Shakyamuni] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ <Alston, RMP - Other Religion> 9. In 1950, a computer scientist at the RAND Institute used this adjective to describe his research to hide its mathematical nature from politicians. This adjective describes an approach to algorithm design that solves "overlapping subproblems"; the CYK parsing algorithm is an example of it. Amortized analysis is used to study arrays described by this adjective; those arrays have individual elements need to be copied over when they are resized, in contrast to (*) fixed-length arrays. Memory that is put onto the heap is ​ allocated in this fashion, often using the C functions "malloc" and "free." This adjective describes a type of random access memory that is volatile, and it puts the D in DRAM ("dee-RAM"). For 10 points, give this opposite ​ ​ of "static." ANSWER: dynamic [accept dynamic programming or dynamically allocated memory or dynamic Random ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Access Memory] <Jose, Science - Computer Science> 10. This author of the anti-Catholic screed "Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States" was the Know Nothing candidate for Mayor of New York in 1836. This man was installed into the Order of Glory by Sultan Abdulmejid I after demonstrating his best-known invention. Chemistry professor Leonard Gale helped this failed painter realize his best-known invention, the idea of which he discussed on a ship back to the U.S. with Charles Jackson. This man's Magnetic Company eventually merged with (*) Western Union and was built on technology that first connected Baltimore and Washington, D.C. with the ​ phrase, "What hath God wrought." For 10 points, name this inventor of a coding system for telegraph messages. ANSWER: Samuel Morse [or Samuel Finley Breese Morse] ​ ​ ​ ​ <Bentley, History - American> 11. Chester Nathan Gould compiled a list of the names of these figures and their etymologies in a study of "Old Icelandic Religion." A passage in the Völuspa claims that these beings arose from "Brimir's blood" ​ ​ and "Blainn's limbs." Two of these figures dropped a millstone on a widow's head after drowning her husband Gilling; those two owned Son and Bodn, a pair of vats in which they mixed honey with the remains of the god Kvasir.