Solid Waste Resources Management Plan: 2019-2023 Prepared for: City of Ann Arbor, Michigan Prepared by: Aptim Environmental & Infrastructure, LLC In association with: DRAFT - August 2019 A World of Solutions Solid Waste Resources Management Plan: 2019-2023 City of Ann Arbor, Michigan DRAFT - August 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................1 ES.1 Overview of the Solid Waste Resources Management Plan ...................................... 1 ES.2 The Solid Waste Resources Management Plan Process ........................................... 1 ES.3 Solid Waste Resources Management Plan Recommendations.................................. 3 ES.4 Alignment with the City’s Sustainability Framework ................................................. 10 1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Planning History ...................................................................................................... 14 1.3 Project Objectives .................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Public Engagement in the Plan Update Process ...................................................... 16 1.4.1 Engagement Strategy .................................................................................. 16 1.4.2 Stakeholder Interviews ................................................................................. 17 1.4.3 Downtown Business Focus Group ............................................................... 17 1.4.4 Advisory Committee ..................................................................................... 19 1.4.5 Resident Survey ........................................................................................... 20 2 CURRENT SOLID WASTE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .............................. 22 2.1 Solid Waste Resources Management Practices ...................................................... 22 2.2 Solid Waste Resources Management Infrastructure ................................................ 23 2.3 Solid Waste Resources Management Quantities ..................................................... 25 2.4 FY2018 Program Costs and Revenues .................................................................... 27 2.5 Financial Model and Future Solid Waste Fund Projections ...................................... 32 2.6 Trends in Solid Waste Resources Management ...................................................... 35 2.6.1 Residential Programs and Performance ....................................................... 35 2.6.2 Commercial Programs and Performance...................................................... 40 3 SOLID WASTE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OPTIONS ............................................... 43 3.1 Residential Options .................................................................................................. 44 3.1.1 Year-Round Residential Compost Collection ................................................ 44 3.1.2 Curbside Textile Collection ........................................................................... 47 3.1.3 Bulky Item Collection .................................................................................... 48 3.1.4 Electronic Waste and Household Hazardous Waste Collection .................... 51 3.1.5 Consolidated Residential Collection ............................................................. 52 3.2 Commercial Options ................................................................................................ 55 3.2.1 Fats, Oils, and Grease Management ............................................................ 55 3.2.2 Commercial Organics Collection .................................................................. 56 3.2.3 Student Move-In / Move-Out Support ........................................................... 58 3.2.4 Construction and Demolition Waste Diversion .............................................. 60 3.2.5 Commercial Services Participation Enforcement .......................................... 62 3.2.6 Consolidated Commercial Collection ............................................................ 64 3.3 Education and Outreach Options ............................................................................. 67 Table of Contents Page i Solid Waste Resources Management Plan: 2019-2023 City of Ann Arbor, Michigan DRAFT - August 2019 3.4 Downtown-Area Options .......................................................................................... 70 3.4.1 7-Day Collection, Including Mandatory Weekend Collection for Restaurants and Bars .................................................................................. 71 3.4.2 7-Day Collection, Including Mandated Container Sharing and Special Fee Assessment .............................................................................. 72 3.4.3 Underground Containers .............................................................................. 74 3.4.4 Bag-Based Collection ................................................................................... 75 3.5 Funding Options ...................................................................................................... 75 3.5.1 Solid Waste Millage Rate Increase Through a Headlee Override ................. 75 3.5.2 Service Fees ................................................................................................ 76 3.5.3 Pay-As-You-Throw Pricing for Residential Services ..................................... 76 4 SOLID WASTE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS ............... 79 4.1 Residential Recommendations ................................................................................ 80 4.2 Commercial Recommendations ............................................................................... 82 4.3 Education and Outreach Recommendations ............................................................ 85 4.4 Downtown-Area Service Recommendations ............................................................ 86 4.5 Diversion-Related Infrastructure Recommendations ................................................ 87 4.6 Funding Recommendations ..................................................................................... 87 5 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY ...................................................................................... 89 TABLES PAGE Table ES.1 Recommendation Resource Requirements and Impacts ........................................ 8 Table ES.2 Alignment of SWRMP Recommendations with Sustainability Framework Goals ............................................................................ 11 Table 2.1 Solid Waste Fund Financial Model Summary: Baseline Conditions ....................... 34 Table 2.2 Summary Case Studies - Residential Programs ................................................... 36 Table 2.3 Summary Case Studies - Commercial Programs .................................................. 41 Table 4.1 Residential Recommendation Requirements and Impacts .................................... 81 Table 4.2 Commercial Recommendation Requirements and Impacts ................................... 84 Table 4.3 Education and Outreach Recommendation Requirements and Impacts................ 86 Table 4.4 Downtown-Area Recommendation Requirements and Impacts ............................ 87 Table 5.1 Proposed Implementation Schedule ..................................................................... 89 FIGURES PAGE Figure ES.1 SWRMP Development Process .............................................................................. 2 Figure 1.1 Stakeholder Interview Perceptions and Feedback Summary ................................ 18 Figure 2.1 Current Services and Service Providers................................................................ 22 Figure 2.2 Co-Located City-Owned Facilities ......................................................................... 23 Figure 2.3 Citywide Resources Management Quantities: 2013-2018 ..................................... 25 Figure 2.4 Resources Management Quantities by Sector: 2013-2018 ................................... 26 Figure 2.5 City Solid Waste Program Costs, FY2018 ............................................................. 27 Figure 2.6 Residential Cost of Service ($ per Household per Month) ..................................... 28 Figure 2.7 Residential Cost Components by Material Stream, FY2018 .................................. 29 Figure 2.8 Recyclables Processing Costs (FY2016-FY2018) ................................................. 30 Figure 2.9 Single-Stream Recycling Material Value (July 2017 - April 2019) .......................... 30 Figure 2.10 Commercial Collection Costs, FY2018 (1 Lift per Week) ....................................... 31 Figure 2.11 Comparison of FY2018 Revenues and Expenses ................................................. 32 Table of Contents Page ii Solid Waste Resources Management Plan: 2019-2023 City of Ann Arbor, Michigan DRAFT - August 2019 ATTACHMENTS Attachment A Public Engagement Materials A.1 Public Engagement Strategy A.2 Downtown Business Focus Group Summary A.3 Advisory Committee Meeting Materials and Summaries A.4 Resident Survey Questionnaire A.5 Resident Survey Report Attachment B Annual Tonnage Summary, 2013-2018