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Tel: 5151088 Contents Page Foreword 5 List of Tables 7 Conventions 15 Chapter 1 Overview 17 Chapter 2 Demographic Characteristics 25 Chapter 3 Household Characteristics 49 Chapter 4 Education Characteristics 69 Chapter 5 Economic Characteristics 79 Chapter 6 Housing Characteristics 99 Chapter 7 Internal Movement 109 Chapter 8 New Town Population 127 Chapter 9 Census Procedures 145 Chapter 10 Sample Design and Estimation Procedures 157 Chapter 11 Assessment of Quality of the Census Data 165 Annexes Annex 1 Definition of Terms 177 Annex 2 Technical Notes 197 I Computation of Singulate Mean Age at Marriage 198 II Computation of Net Annual Internal Movement Rate 201 - 3 - Page Appendices Appendix 1 Short Form Questionnaire 203 Appendix 2 Long Form Questionnaire 205 Appendix 3 Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Form 207 Appendix 4 Map of District Board District Boundaries : 209 Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New Kowloon Appendix 5 Map of District Board District/New Town Boundaries : 211 The New Territories Appendix 6 List of 1991 Population Census Publications 213 Appendix 7 Order Form for Publications on the 1991 Population Census 215 - 4 - Foreword This is the final one in a series of publications on the results of the 1991 Population Census. This report presents data from the Census in the form of detailed analysis of specific topics on the demographic, household, education, economic and housing characteristics of the population. A general account of findings in respect of various topics is presented together with supporting tables. Comparisons are made with the results of the past censuses as appropriate. Descriptions of procedures and techniques and an assessment of data quality are also given to complete the report. The 1991 Population Census comprised a complete enumeration of all persons by age and sex and a one-in-seven sample enquiry on a broad range of demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. All households in Hong Kong were enumerated during a ten-day period from 15 to 24 March 1991. The Census results provide a snapshot of the size and characteristics of the population on the Census reference date of 15 March 1991. This report goes into some length in analysing the demographic, social and economic situation of the population. The report 'Main Tables', which was published earlier on, contains detailed tables covering the population, households and living quarters in the whole territory and may be considered as closely complementary to this one. Besides, results of the Census on various specific aspects are available in a number of other publications already released. A full list of the series of census publications is given at the end of this report. Frederick W H HO Commissioner for Census & Statistics May 1993 - 5 - List of Tables Page Overview Table 1.1 De facto Population and Resident Population, 1991 19 Demographic Characteristics Table 2.1 Resident Population and Annual Growth Rates, 1961-1991 32 Table 2.2 Components of Population Growth, 1961-1991 32 Table 2.3 Crude Birth Rates, Crude Death Rates and Rates of 32 Natural Increase, 1961-1991 Table 2.4 Number of Births and General Fertility Rates, 1971-1991 33 Table 2.5 Age-specific Fertility Rates, 1971-1991 33 Table 2.6 Age-sex-specific Death Rates by Sex and Age, 1971-1991 34 Table 2.7 Expectation of Life at Birth by Sex, 1971-1991 35 Table 2.8 Expectation of Life at Birth for Hong Kong and Selected 35 Countries by Sex, 1981-1988 Table 2.9 Population by Age and Sex, 1971-1991 36 Table 2.10 Percentage Distribution of Population by Age, 1971-1991 37 Table 2.11 Median Age and Age Dependency Ratios, 1971-1991 38 Table 2.12 Sex Ratios of Population by Age, 1971-1991 38 Table 2.13 Sex Ratios by Nationality and Age, 1991 39 Table 2.14 Population by Place of Birth, 1981, 1986 and 1991 40 Table 2.15 Proportion of Population Born in Hong Kong by Age and 40 Sex, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 2.16 Population by Nationality and Place of Birth, 1991 41 Table 2.17 Population Aged 15 and Over by Sex and Marital Status, 42 1981, 1986 and 1991 - 7 - Page Table 2.18 Proportion of Never Married Population Aged 15-54 by Sex 43 and Age, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 2.19 Median Age at First Marriage by Sex, 1971-1991 44 Table 2.20 Population Aged 5 and Over by Usual Language/Dialect and 44 Place of Birth, 1991 Table 2.21 Proportion of Population Aged 5 and Over Able to Speak 45 Selected Languages/Dialects, 1991 Table 2.22 Population by Duration of Residence in Hong Kong 45 and Place of Birth, 1991 Table 2.23 Population Aged 5 and Over Having Moved into Hong Kong 46 during the Past Five Years by Age and Sex, 1991 Table 2.24 Resident Population by Area, 1981, 1986 and 1991 46 Table 2.25 Resident Population by District Board District, 1981, 47 1986 and 1991 Household Characteristics Table 3.1 Number of Domestic Households, 1961-1991 56 Table 3.2 Domestic Households by Household Size, 1981, 1986 and 1991 56 Table 3.3 Percentage Distribution of Domestic Households by Type of 57 Living Quarters and Household Size, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.4 Domestic Households by Household Composition, 1981, 1986 58 and 1991 Table 3.5 Percentage Distribution of Domestic Households by Household 59 Size and Number of Children Aged Under 15, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.6 Domestic Households with Elderly Persons Aged 60 and Over 60 by Household Size, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.7 Domestic Households with Elderly Persons Aged 60 and Over 61 Living with Non-elderly Persons by Household Size, 1981, 1986 and 1991 - 8 - Page Table 3.8 Average Number of Working Members and Ratio of Non-working 62 Members to Working Members by Household Size, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.9 Domestic Households by Monthly Household Income, 1981, 1986 62 and 1991 Table 3.10 Median Monthly Household Income by Household Size, 1981, 63 1986 and 1991 Table 3.11 Percentage Distribution of Domestic Households by Monthly 64 Household Income and Number of Working Members, 1991 Table 3.12 Median Monthly Household Income by Type of Living Quarters, 65 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.13 Decile Distribution of Monthly Household Income of Domestic 66 Households, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.14 Median Monthly Household Income of Domestic Households 67 between Quintiles in the Income Distribution, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.15 Median Monthly Household Rent and Median Rent-income 67 Ra.tios of Domestic Households in Permanent Housing by Type of Living Quarters, 1981 and 1991 Table 3.16 Headship Rates by Age and Standardised Headship Rates, 68 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 3.17 Age-specific Headship Rates by Age, 1981, 1986 and 1991 68 Education Characteristics Table 4.1 Population Aged 6 and Over with Primary Education or 73 Above by Age, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 4.2 Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 and Over by 73 Educational Attainment and Sex, 1981 and 1991 Table 4.3 Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 and Over by 74 Age and Educational Attainment, 1991 Table 4.4 School Attendance Rates by Age and Sex, 1981, 1986 and 1991 74 - 9 - Page Table 4.5 Pupil-teacher Ratios and Average Class Size by Level of 74 Education, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 4.6 Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 and Over with 75 Tertiary Education by Age and Whether Studying, 1981 and 1991 Table 4.7 Percentage Distribution of Population with Tertiary Education 76 by Type of Tertiary Education and Sex, 1981 and 1991 Table 4.8 Percentage Distribution of Population with Tertiary Education 77 by Field of Education and Sex, 1981 and 1991 Economic Characteristics Table 5.1 Population by Sex and Activity Status, 1961-1991 85 Table 5.2 Average Annual Growth Rates of Population by Sex and 86 Activity Status, 1961-1991 Table 5.3 Growth of Labour Force Analysed by Factors, 1981 and 1991 86 Table 5.4 Labour Force Participation Rates by Age and Sex, 1981, 87 1986 and 1991 Table 5.5 Standardised Overall Labour Force Participation Rates by Sex, 87 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 5.6 Population by Age, Activity Status and Sex, 1981, 1986 and 88 1991 Table 5.7 Median Age of Economically Active Population by Sex, 89 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 5.8 Labour Force Participation Rates by Age, Sex and Marital 90 Status, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 5.9 Labour Force and Labour Force Participation Rates by Broad 91 Area and Sex, 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 5.10 Working Population by Educational Attainment and Sex, 1981, 92 1986 and 1991 Table 5.11 Working Population by Activity Status, 1981, 1986 and 1991 93 - 10 - Page Table 5.12 Working Population by Occupation (ISC0-88 Classification) 93 and Sex, 1991 Table 5.13 Working Population by Occupation (ISC0-68 Classification), 94 1981, 1986 and 1991 Table 5.14 Working Population by Industry and Sex,