The Cleveland Clinic Manual of Headache Therapy Stewart J. Tepper • Deborah E. Tepper Editors The Cleveland Clinic Manual of Headache Therapy Second Edition 1 3 Editors Stewart J. Tepper Deborah E.Tepper Cleveland Clinic Headache Center Cleveland Clinic Headache Center Cleveland Cleveland Ohio Ohio USA USA ISBN 978-3-319-04071-4 ISBN 978-3-319-04072-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04072-1 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014934568 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface to the Second Edition To our readers, The authors of the Cleveland Clinic Manual of Headache Therapy have been gratified by the response to our first edition, published in 2011. We have conversed with numerous colleagues about the utility of a basic Headache Manual centered on diagnosis and treatment with clinical pearls and summarizing tables. We proceeded with this second edition for several reasons. First, the new Inter- national Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, is now available, and although it is in a beta form at the time of this writing, the changes are sufficiently significant to warrant a re-do of diagnostic parts of the Manual. Second, a number of new formulations of medications have emerged, some already approved by the US FDA, some submitted, and others close to submis- sion at the time we are putting this book together. Because these newer treat- ment options are present or imminent, a revised treatment section appears in order. Finally, there are a number of clinical problems we did not cover in our first book. These include, specifically, problems around opioids and their implica- tions and wean, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and headaches associated with TBI. We have included these special topics in the new edition. We have also expanded several sections, and have added four new chapters and three new authors. This manual is organized to address diagnosis in the first half and treatment in the second half. Parts I and II of this clinical manual cover the diagnosis of episodic and chronic primary headaches of adults in the office. Part III covers diagnosis of addiction and substance use and their relationship to headaches. Part IV covers diagnosis of secondary headaches, and Part V, diagnosis of pediatric headaches. In the treatment half, Part VI covers treatment of episodic headaches in adults, and Part VII addresses treatment of chronic and refractory headaches in adults. Part VIII is devoted to treatment of major secondary headaches, and Part IX expands on treatment of pediatric headaches. Part X is devoted to special v vi Preface to the Second Edition topics in headache, including behavioral treatment, facial pain and neuralgias, women’s issues, dizziness, traumatic brain injury and concussion, and nursing issues. We thank our readers and our patients for the opportunity to learn, educate, and try our best to treat headache disorders effectively. Headache Center, Neurological Center for Pain Stewart J. Tepper, MD Neurological Institute Deborah E. Tepper, MD Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio, USA Contents Part I Diagnosis of Episodic Primary Headaches 1 Diagnosis of Migraine and Tension-Type Headaches ............................. 3 Stewart J. Tepper and Deborah E. Tepper 2 Diagnosis of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias .................................. 21 Mark J. Stillman 3 Diagnosis of Other Primary Headaches ................................................... 35 Mark J. Stillman Part II Diagnosis of Chronic Headaches 4 Diagnosis of Primary Chronic Daily Headaches ..................................... 49 Stewart J. Tepper and Deborah E. Tepper Part III Diagnosis of Addiction, Substance Use, and Headache 5 Diagnosis of Addiction, Substance Use, and Headache .......................... 63 Mark J. Stillman, Jennifer S. Kriegler, Edward C. Covington, and Steven J. Krause Part IV Diagnosis of Secondary Headaches 6 Diagnosis of Major Secondary Headaches 1, the Basics, Head and Neck Trauma, and Vascular Disorders ................................... 79 MaryAnn Mays 7 Diagnosis of Major Secondary Headaches, Nonvascular Disorders ..... 97 MaryAnn Mays, Deborah E. Tepper, and Stewart J. Tepper vii viii Contents Part V Diagnosis of Pediatric Headaches 8 Diagnosis of Headache in Children and Adolescents ............................ 115 Catalina Cleves-Bayon and A. David Rothner 9 Episodic Syndromes that May Be Associated with Migraine, Pediatric Tension-type Headache, Chronic Daily Headache Syndromes in Children and Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ............................................................................................ 127 Catalina Cleves-Bayon and A. David Rothner Part VI Treatment of Episodic Headaches 10 Acute Treatment of Episodic Migraine �������������������������������������������������� 145 Jennifer S. Kriegler 11 Preventive Treatment of Episodic Migraine .......................................... 161 Cynthia C. Bamford and Emad Estemalik 12 Treatment of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias and Other Primary Headaches ............................................................... 179 Mark J. Stillman Part VII Treatment of Chronic and Refractory Headaches 13 Treatment of Medication Overuse Headache ........................................ 197 Stewart J. Tepper and Deborah E. Tepper 14 Medical Treatment of Refractory Daily Headaches, Including Interdisciplinary Management .............................................. 213 Mark J. Stillman 15 Psychological Comorbidities, Assessment, and Management of Refractory Daily Headaches ............................................................... 227 Steven J. Krause 16 Detoxification or Wean Treatment of Opioids and Sedatives in Headache and Pain Disorders ............................................................ 237 Jennifer S. Kriegler, Edward C. Covington and Mark J. Stillman Part VIII Treatment of Secondary Headaches 17 Treatment of Major Secondary Headaches ........................................... 247 MaryAnn Mays Contents ix Part IX Treatment of Pediatric Headaches 18 Treatment of Pediatric and Adolescent Headaches ............................... 261 A. David Rothner and Catalina Cleves-Bayon Part X Special Topics in Headache 19 Behavioral Treatment of Headaches ...................................................... 279 Steven J. Krause 20 Treatment of Facial Pain and Neuralgias .............................................. 291 Cynthia C. Bamford and Neil Cherian 21 Treatment and Consideration of Women’s Issues in Headache........... 299 Jennifer S. Kriegler 22 Diagnosis and Treatment of Dizziness and Headache .......................... 315 Neil Cherian 23 Nursing Issues in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Migraines.............. 325 Deborah Zajac 24 Headaches, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Concussion .......................... 341 Jay Alberts and Neil Cherian Index ................................................................................................................ 353 Contributors Jay Alberts Concussion Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA Cynthia C. Bamford Headache Center, Neurological Center for Pain, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Neil Cherian Headache Center, Neurological Center for Pain, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Catalina Cleves-Bayon Division of Child Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Edward C. Covington Neurological Center for Pain, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Emad Estemalik Headache