Mozart’s La clemenza di Tito A Reappraisal Magnus Tessing Schneider and Ruth Tatlow (eds.) Published by Stockholm University Press Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden www.stockholmuniversitypress.se Text © The Author(s) 2018 License CC-BY Supporting Agency (funding): Performing Premodernity, Stockholm University, The Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences First published 2018 Cover Illustration: P. Travaglia, Sala ter[r]ena destinata per le pubbliche udienze, Pietro Travaglia’s Sketchbook, f. 11. Published with permission from the Collection of Theatre History at the Hungarian National Széchényi Library, Budapest. Access. Nr. 1955/9645 Cover Copyright: Collection of Theatre History at the Hungarian National Széchényi Library License: CC BY-NC-ND Cover designed by Karl Edqvist, SUP Stockholm Studies in Culture and Aesthetics ISSN: 2002-3227 ISBN (Paperback): 978-91-7635-055-3 ISBN (PDF): 978-91-7635-052-2 ISBN (EPUB): 978-91-7635-053-9 ISBN (MOBI): 978-91-7635-054-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/ban This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Suggested citation: Tessing Schneider, M. and Tatlow, R. (eds.) 2018 Mozart’s La clemenza di Tito: A Reappraisal. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi. org/10.16993/ban. 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Editorial Board Jørgen Bruhn, Professor of Comparative Literature at the Centre for Intermedial and Multimodal Studies at Linnaeus University in Växjö Karin Dirke, Associate Professor of History of Ideas at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Elina Druker, Associate Professor of Literature at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Johanna Ethnersson Pontara, Associate Professor of Musicology at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Kristina Fjelkestam, Professor of Gender Studies at the Department of Ethnology, History of Religions and Gender Studies at Stockholm University Malin Hedlin Hayden, Professor of Art History at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Christer Johansson (coordination and communication), PhD Literature, Research Officer at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Jacob Lund, Associate Professor of Aesthetics and Culture at the School of Communication and Culture - Aesthetics and Culture, Aarhus University Catharina Nolin, Associate Professor of Art History at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Ulf Olsson (chairperson), Professor of Literature at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Meike Wagner, Professor of Theatre Studies at the Department of Culture and Aesthetics at Stockholm University Titles in the series 1. Rosenberg, T. 2016. Don’t Be Quiet, Start a Riot! Essays on Feminism and Performance. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/baf. License: CC-BY 4.0 2. Lennon, J. & Nilsson, M. (eds.) 2017. Working-Class Literature(s): Historical and International Perspectives. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/bam. License: CC-BY 4.0 3. Tessing Schneider, M. & Tatlow, R. (eds.) 2018. Mozart’s La clem- enza di Tito: A Reappraisal. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/ban. License: CC-BY 4.0 Peer Review page Guidelines for peer review Stockholm University Press ensures that all book publications are peer-reviewed in two stages. Each book proposal submitted to the Press has been sent to a dedicated Editorial Board of experts in the subject area as well as two independent experts. The full manuscript will be peer reviewed by chapter or as a whole by two independent experts. A full description of Stockholm University Press’ peer-review pol- icies can be found on the website: http://www.stockholmuniversity- press.se/site/peer-review-policies/ Recognition for reviewers The Editorial Board of Stockholm Studies in Culture and Aesthetics applies single-blind review during proposal and manuscript assess- ment. We would like to thank all reviewers involved in this process. Special thanks to the reviewers who have been doing the peer review of the manuscript of this book. Dedicated to the memory of our dear friend and colleague Jette Barnholdt Hansen *7 March 1966 †8 February 2017 Her vil ties, her vil bies, Her vil bies, o svage Sind! Vist skal du hente, kun ved at vente, Kun ved at vente, vor Sommer ind. Her vil ties, her vil bies, Her vil bies, o svage Sind! Contents Images xi Preface xiii La clemenza di Tito: Chronology and Documents 1 Ruth Tatlow and Magnus Tessing Schneider I Chronology 2 II Documents in Parallel Translation 6 Operatic Culture at the Court of Leopold II and Mozart’s La clemenza di Tito 33 John A. Rice From Metastasio to Mazzolà: Clemency and Pity in La clemenza di Tito 56 Magnus Tessing Schneider From Metastasio to Mozart 60 The Concept of Pity in Mazzolà’s Revision 66 La clemenza di Tito—A Democratic Opera? 79 Tito’s Burden 97 Felicity Baker The Operatic Action, Intertext and Context 97 The Monarch’s Need for Truth 102 Historical Depth in the Character of Tito 107 From Servilia to Vitellia 109 The Opera’s Burden 113 x Mozart’s La clemenza di Tito Mozart as Epideictic Rhetorician: The Representation of Vice and Virtue in La clemenza di Tito 120 Jette Barnholdt Hansen Theatrum mundi and fraternité 121 The Coronation Opera 124 Rhetoric and Aesthetics 125 Opera seria and the da capo aria 126 The Representation of Clemency 129 Stage Directions and Set Design in Mozart’s La clemenza di Tito 134 Sergio Durante The Stage Sets and their Importance in Prague 1791 134 Staging and the Aesthetic of La clemenza di Tito 150 Bibliography 159 Index 169 Editors of La clemenza di Tito 177 Images 5.1 ‘Vivat Leopoldus Secundus’, coronation of Emperor Leopold II. Engraving by I. C. Berndt, 1790. Reproduced with kind permis- sion from the copyright owner/holder, the Historisches Museum Frankfurt, N42672. On permanent loan from the Städel Museum Frankfurt. Photo: Horst Ziegenfusz. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 122 6.1 P. Travaglia, Sala ter[r]ena destinata per le pubbliche udienze, Pietro Travaglia’s Sketchbook, f. 11. Published with permission from the copyright owner/holder, the Collection of Theatre History at the Hungarian National Széchényi Library, Budapest. Access. Nr. 1955/9645. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 136 6.2 Symmetrical duplication of the design in Image 1 (with correct- ed shadows). Designed by Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Reproduced with permission from the copyright owners/holders, Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 138 6.3 Hypothetical realisation of the scenographic elements. Designed by Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Reproduced with permis- sion from the copyright owners/holders, Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 139 6.4 Detail of the set design, showing the rear of the stage. Designed by Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Reproduced with permis- sion from the copyright owners/holders Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 140 6.5 Hypothetical realisation of the long set. Designed by Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Reproduced with permission from the copyright owners/holders, Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 141 xii Mozart’s La clemenza di Tito 6.6 Section and plan of Count Nostitz’s National Theatre, Prague, 1793. Copper plate engraving by Johann Berka, after Philipp and Franz Heger. Reproduced with permission from the copyright owner/holder, AKG images / TT Nyhetsbyrån. Licence: CC BY- NC-ND 4.0 International use. 143 6.7 P. Travaglia, [parte del foro romano (…) Campidoglio]. Pietro Travaglia’s Sketchbook, f. 12. Published with permission from the copyright owners/holders the Collection of Theatre History at the Hungarian National Széchényi Library, Budapest. Access. Nr. 1955/9645. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 144 6.8 P. Travaglia, [parte del foro romano (…)], symmetrically expanded. Designed by Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Reproduced with permission from the copyright owners/holders Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use. 146 6.9 Hypothetical realisation of the scenographic elements. Designed by Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Reproduced with permis- sion from the copyright owners/holders Paolo Kirschner and Silvia Tinazzo. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International use.