Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey 1996 Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan ~DHS Demographic and Health Surveys Macro International Inc. World Summit for Children Indicators: Uzbekistan 1996 Value BASIC INDICATORS Childhood mortality Infant mortality rate 49 per 1,000 Under-five mortality rate 59 per 1,000 Maternal mortality Maternal mortality ratio 39 per 100,000 l Childhood undernutrition Percent stunted (of children under 3 years) 31.3 Percent wasted (of children under 3 years) 11.6 Percent underweight (of children under 3 years) 18.8 Clean water supply Percent of households within 15 minutes of a safe water supply 2 84.8 Sanitary excreta disposal Percent of households with flush toilets or V1P latrines 22.6 Basic education Percent of women 15-49 with completed primary education 99.2 Percent of men 15-49 with completed primary education 99.5 Percent of girls 6-12 attending school 78.6 Percent of boys 6-12 attending school 75.6 Percent of women 15-49 who are literate 99.8 Children in especially Percent of children who are orphans (both parents dead) 0.1 difficult situations Percent of children who do not live with their natural mother 1.7 Percent of children who live in single adult households 1.9 SUPPORTING INDICATORS Women's Health Birth spacing Percent of births within 24 months of a previous birth s 29.5 Safe motherhood Percent of births with medical prenatal care 95.0 Percent of births with prenatal care in first trimester 72.7 Percent of births with medical assistance at delivery 97.5 Percent of births in a medical facility 94.1 Percent of births at high risk 42.7 Family planning Contraceptive prevalence rate (any method, married women) 55.6 Percent of currently married women with an unmet demand for family planning 13.7 Percent of currently married women with an unmet need for family planning to avoid a high-risk birth 10.7 Nutrition Maternal nutrition Percent of mothers with low BMI 7.7 Low birth weight Percent of births at low birth weight (of those reporting numeric weight) 4.3 Breastfeeding Percent of children under 4 months who are exclusively breastfed 4.0 Iodine Percent of households with iodised salt 16.7 Child Health Diarrhea control Percent of children with diarrhea in preceding 2 weeks who received oral rehydration therapy (sugar-salt-water solution) 37.1 Acute respiratory infection Percent of children with acute respiratory infection in preceding 2 weeks who were seen by medical personnel 87.1 I Data from the Ministry of Health ~ Piped, well, and bottled water First births are excluded. Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey 1996 Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent City, Uzbekistan Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland USA September 1997 This report summarizes the findings of the 1996 Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) conducted by the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Macro International Inc. provided technical assistance. Funding was provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development. The UDHS is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program, which is designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. Additional information about the Uzbekistan survey may be obtained from the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 132 A H. Abdullaev Ave., Tashkent City, Uzbekistan 700124 (Telephone: (7312) 637830; Fax: (7312) 638483). Additional information about the DHS program may be obtained by writing to: DHS, Macro International Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705 (Telephone: 301-572-0200; Fax: 301-572-0999). Recommended citation: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology [Uzbekistan] and Macro International Inc. 1997. Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey, 1996. Calverton, Maryland: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Macro International Inc. CONTENTS Page Tables ............................................................................ ix Figures ........................................................................... xv List of Contributors ................................................................ xvii Summary of Findings ............................................................... xix Map of Uzbekistan ................................................................ xxiv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1 Shavkat I. Karimov 1.1 Geography and Population ............................................... 1 1.2 History of Uzbekistan ................................................... 2 1.3 Economy ............................................................. 3 1.4 Health Care System ..................................................... 3 1.5 Family Planning Policies and Programs ..................................... 5 1.6 Demographic and Health Data Collection System in Uzbekistan .................. 6 1.7 Objectives and Organization of the Survey ................................... 7 1.7. l Sample Design and Implementation .................................. 7 1.7.2 Questionnaires .................................................. 8 1.7.3 Training and Fieldwork .......................................... 10 1.7.4 Data Processing ................................................ 10 1.7.5 Response Rates ................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTS .............. 13 Damin A. Asadov and Mila A. Li 2.1 Household Population .................................................. 13 2.1.1 Sex and Age Composition ........................................ 13 2.1.2 Household Composition .......................................... 15 2.1.3 Educational Level of Household Members ........................... 16 2.2 Housing Characteristics ................................................. 19 2.2.1 Household Durable Goods ........................................ 20 2.3 Characteristics of Survey Respondents ..................................... 20 2.3.1 Background Characteristics ....................................... 20 2.3.2 Educational Level of the Respondents ............................... 22 2.3.3 School Attendance and Reasons for Leaving School .................... 22 2.3.4 Access to Mass Media ........................................... 22 iii Page 2.3.5 Women's Employment Status ...................................... 25 2.3.6 Employer ...................................................... 25 2.3.7 Occupation .................................................... 26 2.3.8 Decisions on Use of Earnings ...................................... 27 2.3.9 Child Care While Working ........................................ 28 2.4 Pensioners ........................................................... 3 ! 2.4.1 Composition of Households Containing Pensioners .................... 31 2.4.2 Housing Characteristics of Households Containing Pensioners ........... 32 CHAPTER 3 FERTILITY .......................................................... 35 Shavkat L Karimov, Akhror B. Yarkulov, and Damin A. Asadov 3.1 Current Fertility ....................................................... 35 3.2 Fertility Trends ....................................................... 38 3.3 Children Ever Born and Living ........................................... 40 3.4 Birth Intervals ........................................................ 41 3.5 Age at First Birth ...................................................... 42 3.6 Pregnancy and Motherhood Among Women Age 15-19 ....................... 44 CHAPTER 4 CONTRACEPTION ................................................... 47 Damin A. Asadov, Farida I¢£ Xyupova, Feruza Z Faizieva and Mila A. Li 4.1 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods ..................................... 47 4.2 Ever Use of Contraception ............................................... 49 4.3 Current Use of Contraception ............................................ 50 4.4 Number of Children at First Use of Contraception ............................ 54 4.5 Knowledge of the Fertile Period and of the Contraceptive Effect of Breastfeeding ......................................................... 55 4.6 Source of Family Planning Methods ....................................... 56 4.7 Intention to Use Family Planning Among Nonusers ........................... 58 4.8 Reasons for Nonuse of Contraception ...................................... 60 4.9 Preferred Method of Contraception for Future Use ............................ 60 4.10 Exposure to Family Planning Messages in the Electronic Media ................. 61 4.11 Acceptability of Use of Electronic Media to Disseminate Family Planning Messages ..................................................... 62 4.12 Exposure to Family Planning Messages in Print Media ........................ 62 4.13 Attitudes of Couples toward Family Planning ............................... 64 4.14 Social Marketing of Contraceptives ....................................... 65 CHAPTER 5 INDUCED ABORTION ................................................ 69 Feruza T Faizieva, Jeremiah M. Sullivan, and Alisa D. Podporenko 5.1 Pregnancy Outcomes ................................................... 69 iv 5.2 Lifetime Experience with Induced Abortion ................................. 70 5.3 Rates of Induced Abortion ............................................... 72 5A Time Trends in Induced Abortion ........................................