Editorial Policy 1. The journal will seek to provide an annual publication reflective of the theological basis and ethos of the Trust for students, laity, ministers, and lecturers to develop their minds and souls through in-depth articles and reviews. 2. The journal will seek to keep readers informed about new books or other publications and thus will strive to be a means of encouraging stewardship of time and money. 3. The selection of articles and works for review in each journal will usually reflect the fourfold division of the departments in the theological curriculum: biblical theology, sys- tematic theology, historical theology and applied theology, thereby providing balance as to the content of the journal but also providing harmony for the readers to see the unity of the curriculum. It will not be a journal devoted to one department of the theological curricu- lum. 4. The journal will endeavour to highlight, by way of articles and reviews, works to assist students and others in their ongoing studies and training. 5. The journal will encourage the cultivation of writing and provide an avenue for publication and exchange of knowledge. 6. The journal will include one article or review devoted to the theme of theological education. 7. The journal will also endeavour to include some news about the wider international, evangelical community of churches and their efforts in mission or theological work. 8. Prior to publication, all articles and reviews will be read by select individuals who uphold the theological basis and ethos of the Trust. It will be their task to comment, proof and en- sure the quality of the journal. Editorial Staff Editorial Board Council of Reference Kenneth J. Stewart, ‘13 Jack C. Whytock, Editor Jack C. Whytock Alistair I. Wilson, ‘14 Nancy J. Whytock, Copy Ed. Frank Z. Kovács James P. Hering, ‘15 Christina Lehmann, Production Ed. Kent I. Compton John S. Ross, ‘16 Manuscripts for consideration and books for review should be sent to the Editor. Subscriptions/Donations: Annual subscription is $20.00 (CAD) or $22 (USD) outside Canada for the annual journal. All donations to the Trust of any amount are welcome and appreciated. A tax receipt will be issued for all monies received from within Canada in support of the Trust. (See page 165 for Subscrip- tion/Donation Form.) All matters for subscription, finance or in-house style should be addressed to the Produc- tion Editor. Haddington House 99 North River Rd., Charlottetown, PEI C1A 3K6 Tel: (902) 892-7273 Email: [email protected] Website: www.haddingtonhouse.org HADDINGTON HOUSE JOURNAL An International Theological Journal Volume 16 2014 ISSN 1929-3925 CONTENTS General Articles Sermon: Christ Calls Us to Commitment .................................................................. 5 The Holy Spirit in the Old and New Testaments ..................................................... 13 Rev. Carl Hugo Gutsche: German Baptist Missionary to South Africa ..................... 21 A Forgotten Anniversary (1813-2013): The Presbyterian Motherkirk in S.A. ........... 31 The Scottish Reformation and Modern Missions ................................................... 39 Henry Martyn: “Scholar Missionary”, Bible Translator, Living Epistle ..................... 47 Book Reviews Department of Biblical Theology ........................................................................... 61 Department of Systematic Theology ..................................................................... 77 Department of Historical Theology ....................................................................... 85 Department of Applied Theology .......................................................................... 97 Book Briefs......................................................................................................... 111 Academic Articles David Livingstone 1813-1873: A Flawed Hero? .................................................... 121 The History of Christianity in Africa: A Survey of Surveys ..................................... 129 Should Evangelical Churches Re-baptize Roman Catholics? An Irenic Proposal..... 141 A British Christian in Public Office: Lord Mackay of Clashfern .............................. 147 Index of Books Reviewed ................................................................................... 163 CONTRIBUTORS Peter K. Aiken, Nick Alons, Iain D. Campbell, Warren Charlton, Kent I. Compton, Sean Crowe, William Emberley, J. Cameron Fraser, D. Douglas Gebbie, Wayne Grätz, Guenther H. Haas, C. Peter Hallihan, James P. Hering, Albert Huizing IV, Frank Z. Kovács, Christina Lehmann, A. Donald MacLeod, Howard M. McPhee, Greg Phillips, Nelleke Plouffe, John S. Ross, Todd Statham, Kenneth J. Stewart, Andrew M. Whytock, Jack C. Whytock, Alistair I. Wilson Cover layout by Lydia Kim Front cover: Photography by Annika Statham, Scenes from Malawi Back cover: Article contributors Printed and bound in Canada by Friesens © 2014 Haddington House Trust All rights reserved For permission to reprint, contact The Editor, Haddington House, 99 North River Road, Charlottetown, PE C1A 3K6, Canada Editor’s Preface This year’s volume of the Haddington House Journal has a strong mis- sions history theme. Such a theme follows along very well from the anniver- sary celebrations, conferences, and exhibitions last year surrounding the 200th anniversary of the birth of David Livingstone. Thus, it is appropriate that this year’s volume contains an excellent analytical article by John Ross on David Livingstone. Also, our front cover collage focuses upon Malawi – a region that was highly significant for Livingstone. Following along from Livingstone, readers will find a virtual feast of arti- cles all related to the history of missions. Two articles outline the beginnings of two different missions in South Africa. The first connects Oncken and Gutsche. It is the editor’s opinion that Oncken, the “Spurgeon of Germany”, is little known today. Hopefully this article centring on Gutsche will also en- courage readers to discover Oncken. The second article is on the first Presby- terian church in South Africa – the Presbyterian Motherkirk. Last year, from all accounts, the anniversary of this first Presbyterian church in South Africa – and almost certainly for all of Africa – went by with virtual silence. Yet this story is also part of that vast story of missions history. Readers should note four more articles in this volume related to missions. First, there is a fine biographical article by Peter Hallihan on the missionary Henry Martyn, an individual whom every Christian should know about. Then there are two articles in the academic section. In the first, Todd Statham, a missionary in Malawi, has done a great service by surveying the current texts on African Christian history. Those texts are full of missions history! Todd’s article will be invaluable to lecturers and students alike and will make a valu- able contribution for theological education. Then Kenneth Stewart’s article on re-baptism of Roman Catholics addresses a contemporary missions reality as well as a universal theological question. I warmly recommend a careful reading of Ken’s article. Finally, in the first section of the journal, Douglas Gebbie’s article on the Scottish superintendents combines the historical with the reflective for missions work today. This article clearly reminds us that church history can serve to provide material for on-going reflection and ap- plication of the wisdom of the ages. It is my prayer as editor that these articles related to missions will make this year’s journal a valuable volume for years to come and will be used to call further writers to take up their pens in missions history and related themes. Please note that while the missions-related material is the focus of the ar- ticles for this volume, there is a distinctive beginning and ending. Once again the journal begins with a printed sermon. This year it is by Frank Kovács, 4 Haddington House Journal 2014 from north of Toronto, Canada. The sermon is followed by a skeleton article for biblical study on the person and work of the Holy Spirit. The final article in the journal this year introduces the theme of the Christian and labouring in government. Cameron Fraser takes us to this theme through a reflective bio- graphical study on Lord Mackay of Clashfern. Again, we hope this will stim- ulate our readers to deeper thinking about the Christian and government. The remainder of the journal contains many book reviews arranged topi- cally. These range from book briefs to full in-depth reviews. They are in- dexed by author at the back of the volume as well. Once again, I thank all our writers and those who have helped with pho- tography and technical support to make this volume possible. I also remind readers that past volumes of this journal are available at the Haddington House website (www.haddingtonhouse.org). May the Lord now bless you, the reader, as you engage with this material. Jack C. Whytock Editor Sermon: Christ Calls Us to Commitment1 Text: Luke 9:51-62 Frank Z. Kovács* * Rev. Dr. Frank Z. Kovács, Richmond Hill, Ontario is a trustee of Haddington House. Dr. Kovács tutors under- graduate and postgraduate students for Greenwich School of Theology and is an Extraordinary Senior Lecturer in Research at North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. “51When the days drew near for him to be taken up, he set his face to go to Jerusalem.” Our commitment to friendships, our commitment to our spouses, as chil- dren