UDC 633.71 ISSN 0494-3244 Tutun/Tobacco, Vol.56, No 7-8, 149-158, 2006 Institut za tutun - Prilep, R. Makedonija UDK: 633.71-152.61(492.2) Izvoren nau~en trud TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE QUALITY OF TOBACCO VARIETIES DZHEBEL K 81 AND KRUMOVGRAD 90 GROWN IN UNCONVENTIONAL REGIONS Dimitar Drachev, Violeta Nikolova Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute - Plovdiv 1. INTRODUCTION The conditions under which the tobacco tobacco prices are less in these regions (origins sector functions, as well as the forthcoming respectively) at the operating least purchase integration of the Republic of Bulgaria to the prices, but rather to the need of production of European Union acquire that a number of major Bulgarian Oriental tobaccos demanded on the issues related to the manufacture and processing international market and formation of bigger of tobacco should be updated. (enlarged) batches, as required by the big It gives rise of the need to change the international companies. There are such variety structure of the tobaccos grown in different opportunities in our country in the so-called tobacco districts and regions, improve the quality, 'similar' regions and sub-regions, having soil stabilize and enlarge the production of the market climatic and agrotechnical conditions to those of demanded variety groups, origins, the typical ones to the relevant variety. correspondingly (8, 9). The market 'logic' requires It confirms the need of a scientifically more flexible and expedient solution of these substantiated research on the real opportunities issues, which will meet the interests of both to grow market demanded tobaccos (varieties growers and consumers (1). and origins) on the basis of their quality The trends observed over the past years assessment. towards extension of the production of certain The aim of the present study was to tobacco varieties (mainly Krumovgrad ecotype investigation on the quality of the tobacco varieties and less Dzhebel) in the non-typical (non-zoned) Dzhebel K 81 and Krumovgrad 90 grown in regions for them are not due to the fact that different regions, origins, correspondingly. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation refers to tobaccos of - two test samples: "Yaka" sub-region from three crop 2005. The material for investigation is taken villages (Breznitsa, Zhizhevo and Teshovo) and by way of strings from different villages and from second sample for the same variety and origin - several tobacco growers of one village of the Balkan sub-region, also including three villages corresponding regions and sub-regions for each (Satovcha, Kochan and Vaklinovo). origin. In any case the test samples have been Variety Krumovgrad 90 (Nevrokop formed on the basis of the material of third mother, origin) - four samples have been formed, as kovalama and uchove, i.e. the material of the best follows: the first sample, referring to "Yaka" sub- quality and typical for the Oriental tobaccos region, taken from four villages (Breznitza, corresponding to standard class I. Zhizhevo, Valkosel and Ablanitsa); second Variety Dzhebel K 81 (East Balkan sample - Balkan sub-region (Kochan and origin). Two samples have been formed of the Debren); third sample - Razlog region, "Planinski" region of Yambol, "Yaka" sub-region (Rechitsa, sub-region (Yurukovo and Gorno Kraishte). Cheresha, Skalak and Zaychar) and second Variety Krumovgrad 90 (Dupnitsa sample for the same region from Balkan sub- region) - Gorna Dzhumaya region, "Yaka" sub- region (Yassenovo Village). region - one sample (Balgarchevo, Padesh and Variety Dzhebel K 81 (Nevrokop origin) Dolno Osenovo). 149 Tutun/Tobacco, Vol.56, No 7-8, 149-158, 2006 Variety Krumovgrad 90 (Melnik origin) measurements have been made at n=14 at grown in two regions and different sub-regions: degree of freedom k=n-1=13. In this case the the region of Sandanski-Melnik one sample table value is the same, and it is equal to referring to "Yaka" sub-region from two villages ttabl.=2,16 for level of reliability a=0,05 and 3,01 (Levunovo and Kromidovo); second sample from for a=0,01. We make conclusions about presence ""oluyaka""sub-region of one village - Petrovo and or absence of difference, based on the preliminary third sample from "Planinski" sub-region (the established values for tf and t tabl. for each single villages of Gega and Dolna Krushitsa). case in full combination of comparison by pairs For the region of Petrich three sub- (6). regions were investigated: "Yaka" sub-region - Expert evaluation. It was done by Karnalovo; "Poluyaka" sub-region (Klyuch, application of the method of "direct comparison". Kamena and Yavornitsa) and "Pole" sub-region - It was determined "coefficient of relative Parvomay Village. arrangement" and "rank coefficient" (4). The different samples were investigated In the comparison of more than two with regard to basic indicators describing their samples to establish the reliability of the results quality: statistical processing of the data was done Tobacco chemical composition: nicotine, through determination of the coefficient of % - by ISO 15152; reducing sugars, % - by ISO concord (agreement) of Kendal (W). To evaluate 15154; total nitrogen, % - by BDS 15836-88; the statistic security (importance) of the coefficient mineral composition (ashes), % - by ISO 2817; the criteria of Fischer Ff was applied (2). potassium, % - BDS 17365-94; ratio of reducing In the cases when only two samples are sugars/nicotine. compared, the evaluation of reliability was done Tobacco smoke chemical composition: by the so-called Critical Relation Number (CRN). nicotine, mg/cig and tars, mg/cig Taste evaluation. It was conducted by the The indicators for the composition of the method of "direct" comparison on two and/or three tobacco smoke have been calculated through samples. In case of more than three samples the established regressive dependencies between method of "indirect" comparison (by pairs) in full tobacco and smoke composition. The results combination between the samples. apply to a cigarette with a 21 mm long filter, denier Statistical processing of the results was of the filter 3/35000Y, at total length of the cigarette made in the same way as the expertise. of 84 mm and d=7,9 mm (7). Complex evaluation. It uses indicators Physical indicators: density of cut describing the expressive quality of oriental tobacco, g/cm3. tobaccos. Following preliminary established Spectrophotometric investigation coefficients of importance of such indicators it was ("image" taking) of the variety. It was done by made an arrangement on the basis of the values spectrophotometric definition of the discrete of the same depending on their positive or values of absorption of water extraction from negative impact on quality. The final evaluation tobacco within the range of wavelength from 220 has been made on the basis of the obtained to 350 nm every 10 nm (5). In the inspection for "quality index" - summarized quality indicator by statistical importance of the differences (Student's means of which the samples may be compared criteria) the following case was applied - (graded) between each other by level of quality. assessment of mean difference between samples The less value, the higher the quality is, and vice from general sets connected by pairs. All versa. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Subject to the goal of investigation, we in their values they differ or not. For this purpose, applied comparison between varieties Dzhebel we used the criteria for level and difference in K 81 and Krumovgrad 90, grown in the different the chemical indicators, mentioned in our past "new" to them regions, origins, respectively. "New" investigations (3). regions - regions (origins, respectively), where the The obtained results for the chemical corresponding variety is not zoned, according to composition are presented in Table 1. the governmental zoning. Variety Dzhebel K 81 Chemical composition. To compare the In the “new” regions and subregions, investigated tobaccos by chemical composition, respectively, for growing of variety Dzhebel K 81 we had to previously specify at which differences the chemical composition in general corresponds 150 D. Dra~ev, V. Nikolova: Tehnolo{ko prou~uvawe na kvalitetot na tutunskite sorti Xebel K 81 i Krumovrad 90 odgleduvani vo netradicionalni regioni Table 1 - Chemical indicators of varieties, grown in the "new" regions (origins) Tab.1 hemiski pokazateli za sortite odgleduvani na "novi" reoni to the one pertaining to this variety. An exception Melnik and Dupnitsa. Its value is the highest for is made for the nicotine content for the region of the region of Petrich (Pole) and for Sandanski- Nevrokop, subregion of Yaka, where it is relatively Melnik (Planinski). In consideration of the content high, but in favourable ratio to the content of of reducing sugars and the ratio of reducing reducing sugars for the same subregion. Lower sugars/nicotine, respectively, the balance is the values of nicotine for the same variety are best in subregion Poluyaka for both regions – established with origin East Balkan, as the lowest Sandanski-Melnik and Petrich of origin Melnik. is the content for subregion (Balkan). The content of tars varies significantly in The nicotine in the smoke is in full the different subregions. correlation with the nicotine in tobacco. The The evaluation of the chemical highest content of tars, correlated to the content composition shows that the variety in the regions of nicotine and reducing sugars is found in origin of origin Melnik (Sandanski-Melnik and Petrich) Nevrokop from subgerion of Yaka, which is an has the best indicators compared to the chemical expression of higher content of this tobacco indicators for the different subregions of the compared to the rest. studied origins for variety Krumovgrad 90, which Variety Krumovgrad 90 is generally acceptable. Origin Nevrokop. The nicotine content in Physical indicators. The indicators of the discussed subregions of this variety shows the studied tobaccos do not show any significant relatively lower values than those typical for this differences in the values – density of cut tobacco variety.