SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 480 An Illustrated Checklist of the American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae) Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1989 ABSTRACT Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. An Illustrated Checklist of the American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 480, 236 pages, 379 figures, 1989.—This alphabetical list consists of the names of all of the American crayfishes, including two fossil species, that were described prior to 1 January 1988. In the treatment accorded each specific or subspecific taxon there is a synonymy citing alterations in generic and subgeneric assignments, erroneous spellings, and synonyms. References are also made to recent descriptions, discussions, and keys. The composition and locations of type series are cited, as are the type locality, range, and habitat of each. Nomina nuda that have been neither validated nor synonymized with other crayfish taxa, together with two names suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, are listed separately. Comparable illustrations, which are arranged in related species groups, are presented for each of the 379 recognized extant species and subspecies. Appendix 1 provides an alphabetical list of American crayfishes and the countries, states, and/or provinces in which they live. Appendix 2 consists of an alphabetical list of American countries and states, or provinces, and their crayfish faunas; also cited are references to studies that pertain either directly to them or which should be helpful in studies of them. Appendix 3 includes information comparable to that in the main body of the checklist on crayfishes described during 1988 and 1989. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hobbs, Horton Holcombc, 1914- An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapods: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae). (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 480) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:480 1. Crayfish—United States. 2. Crustacea—United States. I. Title. II. Series QI1.S54 no. 480 591 s [595.3'841] 88-600418 [QL444.M33] Contents Page Introduction 1 Location of Types 2 Brief History of the Nomenclature of American Crayfishes 2 Synopsis of American Astacidae 4 Acknowledgments 4 Nomina Nuda neither Validated nor Synonymized with Other Crayfish Taxa .... 5 Suppressed Names 5 Species Inquirenda 5 The Checklist 6 Family Astacidae 6 Family Cambaridae 8 Family Parastacidae 79 Appendix 1: Alphabetical List of American Crayfishes with Their Distribution ... 82 Appendix 2: Alphabetical List of American Countries and States, or Provinces, and Their Crayfish Faunas 88 Appendix 3: Alphabetical List of American Crayfishes Described during 1987 and 1988 91 Literature Cited 93 Explanation of Illustrations Ill Figures 1-379 112 Index 206 in An Illustrated Checklist of the American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae) Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. Introduction that were described prior to 1 January 1987 are believed to be With the realization that some seventy-odd species had been accounted for in the following list While those few species that described since the appearance of the most recent checklist of have been described since that date do not appear in the list, the North and Middle American crayfishes (Hobbs, 1974b), that combinations involving older names have been updated to 1 a revision of the genus Cambarellus had been completed by October 1987, and all new taxa that have come to my attention Fitzpatrick (1983a), and that a similar undertaking by him as of 1 January 1989 are included in Appendix 3. treating the genus Orconectes was in progress, it seemed The format of the 1974 checklist has been followed to the appropriate that preparation begin on updating the 1974 extent possible. Thus a list of collections containing type checklist. Soon after the project was initiated, it became specimens of American crayfishes is followed by a brief obvious that numerous modifications in the synonymies would historical summary of nomcnclaiural changes affecting the be essential; to the best of my knowledge, aided by the supraspecific taxa embracing these American crayfishes, and assistance of those recognized in the "Acknowledgments" appended to it is a list of those taxa adopted herein. Preceding section, such emendations and additions have been included. the alphabetical list of species the nomina nuda that have been Although Bahamonde (1951, 1958) and Holthuis (1956) neither validated nor associated with an established crayfish helped immeasurably in elucidating the nature of the parastacid taxon are cited as are those names that have been suppressed by fauna of Chile, and Buckup and Rossi (1980) ably reviewed the the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. parastacids of Brazil and Uruguay, the only comprehensive For each of the specific or subspecific taxa listed, a synonomy summary of the crayfishes of South America since Faxon's is provided in which are included alterations in generic and (1914) compilation was that of Riek (1971). This work subgencric assignments, erroneous spellings, and synonyms; in constituted an important contribution, particularly in pointing only rare instances are references to misidentifications listed. out the distinct nature of the two Chilean stocks, but it lacked Citations are also made to recent descriptions, discussions, the benefit of the information provided in the study of Buckup illustrations, and keys. The locations of the type series are and Rossi in which species that had been declared synonyms by pointed out, and, where possible, the sexes of the syntypes and Riek were resurrected and a previously unknown one was primary types (holotype, allotype, and morphotype) are noted. described. With these additions to our knowledge of the South In instances in which the type designations included a American crayfish fauna, it seemed appropriate that the revised holotypic male, form I, and a "paratypic male, form II" (the checklist be expanded to encompass the American parastacids. latter clearly separated from the remainder of the paratypic Unfortunately, unavailable at this time is a review of the series), the paratypic male has been referred to here as Chilean crayfish fauna by Dr. Ludwig Buckup, which is in "morphotype," the name enclosed in quotation marks. In citing press. the types of those taxa for which a morphotype was designated by the describer, the quotation marks are omitted. All of the American crayfishes (including two fossil species) The type locality, range, and habitats are cited for each species and subspecies. The designations "primary, secondary, Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, and tertiary burrowers" follow Hobbs (1942b:20): primary D.C. 20560. burrowers are those largely restricted to burrows; secondary SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY burrowers are those that generally occupy burrows but often Mus. Zool. Torino Institute e Museo de Zoologia, Delia Universita di wander into open water during times when the mouths of the Torino, Italy. NCSM North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, burrows are flooded; and tertiary burrowers are those that Raleigh, North Carolina burrow "only in periods of drought or occasionally [or usually], NMV National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. but not necessarily, during the breeding season." OSM Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio. To the extent possible, the illustrations, which are arranged PM Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale Univer- in related species groups, are made from types of the species, sity, New Haven, Connecticut. RNHL Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The and the rather few instances in which types were not available, Netherlands specimens were chosen from, or as close to, the type locality as RR Collection of Rendell Rhoades, Ashland College, possible (see "Explanation of Illustrations"). Ashland, Ohio (insofar as is known, all of Appendix 1 consists of an alphabetical list of the families, collection has now been deposited in OSM or subfamilies, genera, species, and subspecies of the crayfishes USNM). TMM Texas Memorial Museum, Austin, Texas. occurring in the Americas and the countries and states or TU Department of Zoology, Tulane University, New provinces in which each occurs. Appendix 2 contains a list of Orleans, Louisiana. the countries and states or provinces with references to the UF Department of Zoology, University of Florida, crayfishes (listed in Appendix 1) that are known or have been Gainesville, Florida (most, if not all of the crayfish reported to occur within their boundaries. Appendix 3 consists types in this collection were transferred to FSBC). USNM Collections of former United States National Mu- of an alphabetical list of American crayfishes described during seum, now in National Museum of Natural 1987 and 1988, after this manuscript had been completed. History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, LOCATION OF TYPES.—The following abbreviations are used D.C. for institutional collections and most personal collections in UTM University of Tennessee