Consonant geminates: Towards a theory of integrity and inalterability Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Suh, Chang-Kook, 1961- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 20:15:12 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282508 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi'om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be firom any type of computer printer. The quality of this reprodaction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed? Road, Ann Aibor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 \ t \ i I IJ I CONSONANT GEMINATES: TOWARDS A THEORY OF INTEGRITY AND INALTERABILITY by Chang-Kook Suh Copyright 0 Chang-Kook Suh 1997 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1997 DMI Number: 9814396 Copyright 1997 by Suh, Chemg-Kook All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9814396 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ® GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Chang-Kook Suh entitled Consonant Geminates; Towards a Theory of Integrity and Inalterability and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy liana Ar^ geli Date Micjiael Hammond Da D. Terence Langendoen Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and rec immend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Dissertation Director na Archangeli Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the writing of this dissertation, many people helped me in many ways. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Diana Archangeli, my dissertation advisor, great teacher, and never-ending source of inspiration and ideas. She has influenced my work at every point. I had long discussion with Diana Archangeli about every part of my dissertation, and the bits and pieces suggested by her slowly formed the core of my dissertation. Without her patience, continuous encouragement, and insightful guidance, I could never have written this dissertation. Special thanks go to the other members of my committee, Mike Hammond and Terry Langendoen, who patiently read the drafts of the dissertation and helped me with insightful suggestions and criticism. Mike Hammond meticulously examined the whole dissertation and helped greatly improve this dissertation both in quality and in style. From Terry Langendoen, I learned precious lesson of translating thinking into logical and lucid argumentation. I consider myself fortunate and privileged to have worked on my dissertation with these three great teachers. Several people also helped move towards the development of this dissertation: John McCarthy, Donca Steriade, Douglass PuUeyblank, Stuart Davis, Moira Yip. and Paul Smolensky. An initial impetus came through a series of conversation with the above-mentioned people and they gave me the help and reassxarance I badly needed. I am further indebted to other teachers who taught me and contributed to my being a linguist today: Andy Barss, Dick Demers, Dick Oehrle, Susan Steele, Adrienne Lehrer, Janet Nicol, Molly Diesing, Kerry Green, Eloise Jelinek, Kook Chung, Soon-Ham Park, and In-Seok Yang. Special thanks go to Professor Kook Chung, my former academic advisor, for his continued support and encouragement. I wish to extend my thanks to the fellow graduate students for many helpful discussions on linguistics: Younghyung Cho, Colleen Fitzgerald, Chip Gerfen, Andrea Heiberg, Diane Meador, Young-Gie Min, James Myers, Shaun O'Conner, Diane Ohala, Pat Perez, Yongtae Shin, Sung-Hoon Hong, Keiichiro Suzuki, Jane Tsay. Dirk Elzinga. Amy Fountain, Jan Mohammad, Shensheng Zhu, Pilar Pinar, and Tania Zamuner. I owe special thanks to my fhend Sung-Hoon Hong for his never-ending mental support. Also, I will never forget the kindness, love and help of Rosemary Emery. I am specially indebted to my church members here and in Korea, and to the Reverends Jin-Myung Park, Seong-Shik Jo, and Luke K. Pak for their love and prayers for me and my family. Special thanks to Sharons family, who graciously let my family stay with them for a couple of months. Finally, I dedicate this dissertation to my parents, brothers and sister, father-in- law and mother-in-law, my wife Chi-Won. and my daughters Yi-Rey and Da-Hye, and my son Peter, who have endured all the difficult moments during my stay in the U.S.A. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 12 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 14 1.1 Scope and Issues: Geminate Integrity and Inalterability 14 1.2 Geminate Facts and Previous Approaches 15 1.2.1 Geminate Facts 15 1.2.1.1 Integrity 18 1.2.1.2 Inalterability 21 1.2.2 Previous Approaches to Geminates 24 1.3 Optimality Theory 27 1.3.1 The Character of the Optimality Theory 28 1.3.2 An Illustration 30 1.3.3 Correspondence Theory 34 1.3.4 Factorial Typology 35 1.4 Layout 36 1.4.1 Gaps in the Predicted Types of Geminates 45 1.5 The Structure of the Dissertation 49 CHAPTER 2. THE NATURE OF CONSONANT GEMINATES 51 2.1 Introduction 51 6 2.2 Background: The OCP 52 2.3 Standard Moraic Theory of Length 58 2.3.1 Motivations for Moraic Structure 59 2.3.2 Weight and Length in Moraic Theory 60 2.3.2.1 Weight 61 2.3.2.2 Length 62 2.4 Segmental Theories of Length 68 2.4.1 Two-Root Theory of Length 69 2.5 Cunent Assumptions: Summary 81 2.6 The Nature of Geminate Integrity and Inalterability 81 2.6.1 Geminate Integrity under Moraic Theory 82 2.6.2 Geminate Inalterability under Moraic Theory 83 2.7 Summary of Chapter 2 87 CHAPTER 3. INTEGRITY EFFECTS IN GEMINATES 89 3.1 Introduction 89 3.1.1 Major Key Constraints 91 3.1.1.1 Faithfukiess: MAX, DEP, and NOBREAKING (2a-c) 92 3.1.1.2 Syllabification: PLONS and ONS (2d-e) 93 3.1.1.3 Distribution and Prosody: ALIGN(WD-R, M-R) and PROSHIER (2f & g) 95 3.1.2 Summary 98 7 3.2 Medial Geminates 99 3.2.1 Introduction 99 3.2.2 The Predicted Typology 103 3.2.3 Pero: DEP-IO is subordinate and/CiCtCi/ —> [C1C1FC2] 107 3.2.3.1 Epenthesis in C1C1C2 108 3.2.3.2 PLONS and Assimilation in CC 115 3.2.3.3 No Loss of Place: Choosing between [yig/llu], [yillmi] and [yikk/ru] 116 3.2.3.4 Intervocalic Voicing 119 3.2.3.5 Sonorant Codas 120 3.2.3.6 The Final Touch 123 3.2.3.7 Summary of the Constraints in Pero 123 3.2.3.8 The Proof 124 3.2.3.9 Summary and Conclusion 128 3.2.4 Ponapean: —> [...CiRI]2...] 130 3.2.4.1 Word-medial CC 131 3.2.4.2 Summary of the Constraints 134 3.2.4.3 The Proof 135 3.2.4.4 Summary 139 3.2.4.5 Reduplication 139 3.2.4.6 Summary and Conclusion 150 8 3.2.5 Palestinian Arabic: PLONS is subordinate and/...CiC|C2.../ —> [...CiCiCi—] 151 3.2.5.1 The Predictions 152 3.2.5.2 Word-final [-CC#] 156 3.2.5.3 A Return to Geminates 158 3.2.5.4 An Added Wrinkle: Fake Geminates 160 3.2.5.5 Summary and Conclusion 167 3.2.6 Summary of Medial Geminates 169 3.3 Final Geminates 171 3.3.1 Introduction 171 3.3.2 Ponapean: [-CiCi] 173 3.3.3 Summary of Final Geminates 179 3.4 Initial Geminates 181 3.4.1 Introduction 181 3.4.2 Woleaian: [CiCiV-] 184 3.4.3 Ponapean and Fijian: [CV-] 191 3.4.3.1 Ponapean 191 3.4.3.2 Fijian 204 3.4.4 Marshallese; [CI^C,CiV] and [CiFC,V] 208 3.4.4.1 The Dialect Difference in Marshallese 209 9 3.4.4.2 Lexicon Optimization: What Does OT Say about the Nature of URs? 213 3.4.4.3 Lexicon Optimization and Anti-integrity in Ratak 216 3.4.4.4 Summary 218 3.5 Summary of Chapter 3 220 CHAPTER 4.